The Dialectical Cut In Socrates Soul Essays - Dialogues Of Plato

The Dialectical Cut in Socrates' Soul Inside the range of the political domain, one of the most significant philosophical inquiries emerges, What is the best system? It is evident that the best system is one of went along assent. There still appears to be trouble in choosing the best way to the ideal end. Legislative issues, the decision power, works in the domain of suppositions. Its partner, theory, is an endeavor to supplant sentiments about political things. This political theory is the way toward obtaining political information for the directing of political life. The change from sentiments to information is through the persuasion technique. This political theory isn't without its issues. It is tormented by relativism and skepticism. These issues will in general make governmental issues unwelcoming to theory. What reasoning is best found in a showdown between the scholar and the city. It is by no little occurrence that these two clashing perspectives are seen in various characters in The Being of the Beautiful. The conspicuous inquiry presently becomes For what reason does Plato make a rationalistic cut in Socrates' spirit between Theaetetus furthermore, Young Socrates? In responding to this inquiry it gets key to expect that the being of the lovely isn't contained in one character, what's more, so far as that is concerned, may not be a character by any stretch of the imagination. It is urgent then to take up the qualities of both Theaetetus and Young Socrates in connection to what the lovely is. In this manner, it will give the premise for political information. To start, Theaetetus is an adolescent just came back from fight. War, being the harshest of all instructors places one under the pressure of need. This is a portending of the battle, both inward and outside that are going to happen. The exteral fight is the sabotaging of the convictions and assessments of the many. This subverting is risky for it prompts one of three choices: passing, frenzy or reasoning. As distinctive as the entirety of the convictions seem to be, the premise is confidence butressed by reason to make it benevolent to reasoning. The inner battle, from the outset, is by all accounts the simpler to build. The inner battle is Theaetetus' holding the idea of the thought (eikoi). Socrates recognizes that Theaetetus handles the thought by saying Gosh, that is acceptable by Hera, and divine (Theaetetus, 154d). Socrates obviously involves that Theaetetus has the psyche of a logician. He is one of only a handful rare sorts of people who can have his feelings undermine and still be happy to learn. Despite the fact that Theaetetus includes considerable significance to the conversation, he before long becomes lightheaded (Theaetetus, 155d). Once more, Socrates energizes Theaetetus saying that this experience is a lot of that of the savants (Theaetetus, 155d). All through the Theaetetus, Theaetetus can't appear to move out of the language of the city. He continually replies it appears to be likely and it shows up. Socrates doesn't right this clear blemish. Socrates is understanding with Theaetetus, halting at numerous focuses to let Theaetetus handle the point. It isn't until the Sophist that Theaetetus moves from the language of it shows up to of course (Sophist, 222e) removing the Stranger in a sentence. The Stranger treats Theaetetus uniquely in contrast to does Socrates. Maybe this is the explanation behind Socrates' certified suggestion of Theaetetus to the Stranger. All things considered, its conceivable to choose anybody you need of those present, for everybody will tenderly conform to you, however, on the off chance that you accept me as your counsel, you will pick one of the youthful, Theaetetus here, or anybody of the rest who suits you (Sophist, 217d). The Stranger accepts that Theaetetus can turn into the savant. Since I comprehend your tendency, and it will progress without anyone else, I will release it... for time would be unnecessary (Sophist, 265e). The more abnormal instructs wariness that one must need to turn into the philsopher and yet educating Theaetetus not to surrender by and large. As opposed to Theaetetus' control, Young Socrates is abundance of mental fortitude. Where Theaetetus is hesitant, Young Socrates is gutsy. Youthful Socrates first deficiency is that he experiences difficulty following the discourse. It is essential to make Young Socrates thoughtful to theory, by debilitating him, however not making him the logician. Albeit Young Socrates becomes mixed up in the discourse, he proceeds to follow trying to comprehend. He even goes to the extraordinary of rebuking the Stranger when he says ... however, we went around recognizing a lot of things futile (Statesman, 283b) by saying Just speak (Statesman 283c). He doesn't blow up like Callicles and is more perseverant than Polus. Vivacious residents, for example,

Vietnam War and American Pop Music Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Vietnam War and American Pop Music - Term Paper Example Women's liberation, African-American Civil Rights Movement, Anti-Vietnam War Protests and even Sexual Revolution happened in the Sixties. Yet, there is no upheaval in that period that has had the significant impact like the one the Vietnam War had. The Vietnam War has left an immense imprint in America’s social mind, and in this way had an effect in the aggregate awareness of the American individuals. Numerous movies have been made, tunes, books and even TV shows that reverberated the opinions of the individuals during that time. This time changed the people’s see on media, legislative issues, the legislature and different foundations. On the off chance that the individuals in different periods before confided in the legislature with its activities, this time saw that the individuals didn't confide in the administration as much since it conveyed their children to another nation, in what the Americans saw as a vain war. The Vietnam War really began in 1955. As a branch o f the Cold War between the Communist Russia and the Democratic United States, the Vietnam war is additionally about the skirmish of socialism and majority rules system. It was between the socialist Vietnam (North), constrained by the Viet Congs and the majority rule Vietnam (South). The US, as a defender of freedom, attempted to shield the majority rule Vietnam from the socialists who were attempting to join Vietnam by making the nation an entirely socialist one. As a result of this danger to popular government, America gathered together its soldiers, generally made out of youngsters. In 1960, the primary gigantic enlisted people happened, bending over in numbers in 1962, and in 1963, the world saw that the American soldiers have significantly increased in number. These youthful soldiers were to be conveyed in Vietnam. This event, alongside other socio-social developments during the 60s, prodded a monstrous dissent development. It must be noticed that this period saw the African-Ame ricans being allowed equivalent rights, the ladies equity with men, nature being taken significance, and so on. This war added to the motivation that the individuals were so quick to push. The individuals would not like to take up arms, in contrast to the legislature. The individuals pushed for harmony and concentrating on nature, not having their children, siblings and spouses slaughtered. This contention between the individuals and the administration prodded the people’s thwarted expectation on the American government. This occasion, the Vietnam War, tested their perspectives relating to their pioneers and their heads of state. It was unavoidable at any rate, the soldiers were sent to battle in the war. For a long time the United States has been sending troops over at the Asian nation. They lost the war. This powered the masses’ discontent for the administration. This discontent penetrated through the mainstream society. It has advanced in the people’s regular day to day existences, particularly with the motion pictures and music. Craftsmanship is an impression of the real world. Music and motion pictures are works of art and they do reflect reality in whatever structure they can, deliberately or not, since the creators’ cognizance additionally mirrors the occasions that occur around him, through the craftsmanship he has been making. This is particularly obvious in fight music that advanced into the lives of the Americans during the 60s. Dissent music is an aftereffect of a musician’s cognizant exertion to be heard. The ascent of dissent music in the United States was seen during the hour of the Vietnam War. Valid, fight music existed route previously, since the time man began to sing, yet the Vietnam War, with the

Connecting to the Orange and Blue

Connecting to the Orange and Blue The University of Illinois provides important resources for each and every student on our campus. Excellent classes, 1000+ student organizations, and a thriving community of students from around the globe. During my first two years on campus I was able to enjoy each of these parts of the campus experience. I’ve joined and participated in student organizations, gone to class, and created lasting friendships. However, I still felt as though my college experience was missing something: an undeniable connection to the University of Illinois. I felt more akin to a student who happened to go to Illinois than a true participant in our unique collegiate environment. During a meeting with my academic advisor last semester (which I highly recommend everyone do, but that’s for another blog), I was encouraged to apply to the University’s Athletic Board. The purpose of the board is to provide input to both the Chancellor and Athletic Director on the state and direction of our athletic department. My background has a strong emphasis on sports, and this seemed like the perfect opportunity to contribute directly to the future of our school. Thus far, it has exceeded expectations. Bielfeldt Administration Building, where the athletic board meetings are held. It also holds offices for the athletic department. Our first meeting of the semester was earlier this week, where I participated in a committee in the morning and then the athletic board itself in the afternoon. The committee discussed in depth some of the challenges of balancing a Division I athletic program with our high academic standards. I was able to gain valuable insight that truly cannot be found anywhere else on campus, nor through independent research. In the afternoon, I listened to both the chancellor and the athletic director speak about the direction of our university and athletic program, and even participated in a vote on a new policy. I felt connected. Here’s the best part: there are dozens of boards and committees available for students to apply to, ranging across a wide variety of important issues. These groups need student input, and are often low commitment throughout the year. If you want to make a direct impact on the direction of our university, there is no better way to get started than through this process. I’ll link to the Illinois Student Government page here for those who are interested. Talk soon. Steven Class of 2019 I’m from New Canaan, Connecticut. I'm studying Management Entrepreneurship in the Gies College of Business and Political Science in the College of Liberal Arts and Sciences.

Suicide Biological, Psychological, And Sociocultural...

Suicide: Biological, Psychological, and Sociocultural Factors Suicide is the act of taking one’s own life willingly. Suicide is a growing epidemic in America and many other countries, especially amoung adults and teenagers. Suicide is the tenth leading cause of death in the United States. There are many factors that play a role in why people commit suicide and they are impulsive decisions, biological factors, psychological factors, and sociocultural factors and just like mental illnesses, suicide has treatments. Impulsive Behavior When people commit suicide, some of them don’t plan it and sometimes emotions play a part in why people commit suicide. Some people wake up one day and have suicidal thoughts and act on them which are impulsive actions. Impulsive behaviors can be damaging like gambling, impulse buying, and trichotillomania which is when people pull out their hair (Salomon, 2007). A example of someone acting on their impulsive thoughts is when someones day might be going awful and they think it is the end of the world when it really is not so the only way they think that they can cope is by killing themselves because they do not want to deal with the consequences. There are many ways people can avoid impulsive behaviors. People can talk to therapists, go visit online groups who help prevent suicide, and web sites like the American Foundation for Suicide Prevention (Salomon, 2007). As people go through life, nobody knows what is going to happen throughout the dayShow MoreRelat edA Proposal Called The Biopsychosocial Model ( Straub, 2014 )1391 Words   |  6 Pagesaspects of health are reliant upon three factors: biological factors, psychological factors, and sociocultural factors; and cannot be the symptom of one factor solely. It is thought that that all three groups of factors play an equally important role in both maintaining and deteriorating health (Varnekar, 2014). Occasionally, if health deteriorates; whether it is physiologically, mentally, or otherwise; a cultural influences take hold, an individual may turn to suicide as a means of coping. Health canRead MoreSubstance Use Disorder : Case Study1124 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction The case study Intervention: Dallas is about a girl named Dallas who has been addicted to drugs, such as heroin, for five years and how her family seeks help to make an intervention on Dallas. In the case study it is explained what factors that have been a part of Dallas’ drug-use, especially how Lisa, the mother, influences Dallas and Dallas’ addiction. What I Learned Watching this case study made me realize how much a person’s addiction influences the people that are related toRead MoreWhat ´s Electroconvulsive Therapy?1475 Words   |  6 Pages(NICE,2003) states that it should only be administered to severely depressed patients for whom psychotherapy and medication have proved ineffective or when the condition is considered potentially life threatening. For example, when there is a risk of suicide or risk to others because ECT has much quicker results than any other forms of treatment for depression. Overall, the aim of this PowerPoint is to provide information on how ECT is administered, how or why it works, benefits, side effects, appropriatenessRead MoreOld Woman And Loving Wife Of Rusty Yates975 Words   |  4 Pageschased Noah and forcefully held him underwater until his breathing diminished. Next, she grabbed Mary out of the tub and laid her in her three brothers, John, Paul, and Luke’s laps, leaving Noah’s disfig ured body suspended in the tub. Andrea’s psychological status began to deviate from normal when she was impregnated with Mary and she ceased to take her prescribed medication, Haldol. Although advised by doctors not to have another child, the Yate’s did otherwise. Andrea was coping with the burdenRead MoreSymptoms, Diagnosis, And Treatment Of Schizophrenia1129 Words   |  5 PagesSchizophrenia is a chronic brain disorder that can effect logical thinking and natural behavior. Schizophrenia is believed to be the result of both genetic and environment causes (Schizophrenia. 2013). Different biological as well as psychological factors have been investigated and are strong factors in schizophrenia but their is no proof yet behind what truly causes the illness. There are different types of symptoms that contribute to schizophrenia, and treatment varies (King, L. 2014). One study provesRead MoreSymptoms And Symptoms Of Depression1340 Words   |  6 PagesMany people today are suffering from major depress ive disorder. This disorder affects their everyday lives and every single person copes with it differently. There are a lot of different factors that can contribute to one’s depression. Such as, biological, psychological and sociocultural. These factors include emotional symptoms, cognitive symptoms, behavior symptoms, somatic symptoms, and impairment in social and occupational functioning. So, what is depression? Everybody experiences times in theirRead MoreSuicide Is An Act That Knows No Boundaries?1826 Words   |  8 PagesINTRODUCTION Many people consider suicide a taboo subject best left in the shadows. A dark subject not often understood, and more times than not, occurring with no logical reason for the â€Å"why† a person would be willing to intentionally take their own life. Suicide is an act that knows no boundaries. Regardless of whether an individual is young, old, male, female, black, white, rich or poor, suicide has a way of finding itself into many families’ lives. When suicide is the cause of death, many familiesRead MorePost Traumatic Stress Disorder ( Ptsd )1522 Words   |  7 Pagesincreased risk of suicide if not treated. One of the major problems among veterans is that â€Å"60% to 75% of distressed veterans do not seek treatment† (Hobfoll et al., 2016). Etiology The etiology of PTSD can be broken down into the four main areas: biological, psychological, social, and sociocultural. With a major influence on veterans, most of the sociocultural information will be looking at Iraq and Afghanistan veterans. Biological According to Sue et al. (2016), the biological dimension for PTSDRead MoreLove: A Complex Mix of Chemistry, Psychology, Culture and Emotion829 Words   |  4 PagesLove is loosely defined as â€Å"strong affection for another arising out of kinship or personal ties† and, indeed, there are aspects of this complex emotion that can be pinpointed and discussed on all three levels of psychological analysis, from cognition to physiology to the sociocultural aspects of love. Biologically, love spurs a plethora of neurotransmitters and hormones which, when all present simultaneously, can explain the sensations of passionate love. Passionate love can be broken down intoRead MoreThe Evolutionary Drive Is Sexual Selection887 Words   |  4 PagesBiological Perspective Certain factors which may contribute to honor killings stem from biology, specifically from evolutionary drives. One such drive is sexual selection. According to Charles Darwin, animals—including humans— might choose their mates based on specific traits which they find attractive. In human males, appealing physical traits involve height and masculinity. Psychological characteristics would include sexual aggressiveness. Aggression is therefore more liable to be passed down to

One Child Policy - 1658 Words

One Child Policy: Right or Wrong The world today consists of almost 6.9 billion people. China itself, serves host to more than 1.2 billion people. This astronomical figure is more than 17% of the enite word population. For centuries China has stood as a leading civilization, outpacing the rest of the world in the arts and sciences. On the other hand, over the last decade, it has also plummeted economically. A big factor for this massive downfall is its overpopulation within the country. Due to this exponential increase in population, the Chinese government has installed a â€Å"one-child policy†. The one-child policy solved the overpopulation issue in China, but it also introduced a variety of other problems to the country. In the early†¦show more content†¦The Chinese take their cultural beliefs very seriously and will do anything to keep their ancestors happy. The fact of carrying the family name on to their next generation should not determine whether a child should live or die. The bottom line i s that girls in China receive far less attention and resources than boys and are deemed in-superior in society. (Fitzpatrick) A lot of people found it easy to hide their children. Many people had more than one child and did not let the government know. The biggest problem coming from this was the children that were not registered did not receive any medical benefits. It was as if they never did exist. They call this group of unregistered children the black population. The â€Å"black population† makes it very difficult for the government to keep records of the countrys population. (Hays) These children are not allowed to go to school, and later will have difficulty getting permission to marry, to move, and for other life choices requiring the governments permission. Its as if the children are there in reality, but they do not get treated like a regular Chinese citizen. (Watts) Another serious problem that comes to the surface as a result of the one child policy is the â€Å" four-two-one† problem. This is the idea that because of the policy, there will be four grandparents to every two parents to every one child. In essence, a single child will have only two parents and fourShow MoreRelatedOne Child Policy3929 Words   |  16 Pages   The one-child policy is the one-child limitation in the population control policy of the Peoples Republic of China. The Chinese government refers to it under the official translation of family planning policy. It officially restricts married, urban couples to having only one child, while allowing exemptions for several cases, including rural couples, ethnic minorities, and parents without any siblings themselves. A spokesperson of the Committee on the One-Child Policy has said that approximatelyRead MorePosters Of One Child Policy921 Words   |  4 PagesOne Child Policy The One Child Policy was first introduced in 1979 by the Chinese leader, Deng Xiaoping. He put this policy in place to keep order over the growing population within the country of China. At the time it was introduced, the population of China was around 970 billion people (Understanding China’s Former One Child Policy). This policy only allows one child in very large populated areas and two children in much smaller less populated areas. This policy prevented up to four hundred millionRead MoreChina’s One Child Policy1305 Words   |  5 PagesChina’s One Child Policy There are more than 1.3 billion people living and building families in China. Until a century ago, many Chinese families included multiple generations living in the same household. Today, though, its no longer the norm. A typical Chinese family today includes a married man and woman with one child, and this is generally known as the core family. The percentage of core families continues to rise above other types of family units. This not due to a social coincidenceRead MoreChinas One Child Policy971 Words   |  4 PagesChinas one child policy China has had a one child policy since 1980. The one child policy limits the fertility rate that each woman can have only one child in efforts to cut down the population, and undo what Mao Zedong did to early China. Mao’s goal was to make China the next superpower nation by encouraging people to have many children. Unfortunately, Mao did not know that he was moving China backwards with this kind of thinking. In 1949 after a long civil war over who controlled China, MaoRead MoreChinas One Child Policy954 Words   |  4 Pagespopulation containment by way of a ‘ One-Child Police’, to alleviate its social and economic problems (Jiang, 2010). The population had been well-controlled during the past 30 years and according to the National Bureau of Statistics, the policy has helped prevent 400 million births and contributed greatly to economic growth (Government net, 2011). However, the one- child policy is like a double edged sword. Although there are positive outcome s, From the policy, there are also many negative issuesRead MoreChina‘S One Child Policy648 Words   |  3 Pagesmost big cities are lacking an adequate work forces. The sharp falloff in the amount of labor is mainly due to the One-Child Policy. China started its One-Child Policy in 1978 and has prevented 300 million births from its implementation to 2000. This also means the One-Child Policy has reduced 300 million potential workers. Since the government today is still persistent on this policy, the sheer number of workers will continuously decrease. So, the advantage of having a large amount of available workersRead MoreThe One Child Policy in China2838 Words   |  12 Pages In 1979, China decided to establish a one child policy which states that couples are only allowed to have one child, unless they meet certain exceptions[1].In order to understand what social impacts the one child policy has created in China it important to evaluate the history of this law. China’s decision to implement a Child policy has caused possible corruption, an abuse of women’s rights, has led to high rates of female feticide, has created a gender ratio problem for China, and has ledRead MoreOne Child Policy Dbq751 Words   |  4 PagesThe one child policy was established in China in 1979 because the population was growing extremely fast. The one child policy is a law that prevents families from having more than one child. It only applies to the Han Chinese ethnic group, which makes up 90% of the Chinese population. Sibling-less parents are allowed to have two children. Some Chinese people are in favor of the one child policy (OCP) because their lives were made easier. Other people felt it was not fair to have their rights takenRead MoreChinas One Child Policy4037 Words   |  17 PagesChina’s One Child Policy; Impacts on the Society, the Economy, and the People. By David Goheen Due: December 14, 2007 Executive Summary During the years before the implementation of the One Child Policy, the leaders of China were involved in wars, a great leap forward, and an industrial revolution. In the last twenty five years China’s One Child Policy has affected the country in every way one can imagine. This paper will attempt to explore the major ways the policy has affected theRead MoreChinas One-Child Policy3129 Words   |  13 PagesChina who has one of the largest population in the world with over 1.3 billion people, has taken a stance against over population. By introducing China’s One-Child Policy (Family Planning Policy) in 1979, China hopes to decrease its country’s annual population growth. China has implemented the policy by many different ways; propaganda, taxation, and multiple forms of birth control. Though China’s intentions are to give its citizens better living conditions by enforcing its policy, many controversial

White Free Essays

Spiritual formation can begin to develop in young children and may still be forming, or sibyl decreasing, throughout old age. Many occurrences in life can lead to the enhancement of spiritual formation, while there are also times that negative life experiences can decrease one’s assurance in the Lord. Many things, even not knowing what to do to get that spark back with the Lord, can cause hitting a bump in the road of one’s spiritual journey. We will write a custom essay sample on White or any similar topic only for you Order Now However, in the Bible the Lord shows many ways to stay on track and keep growing in Him. The development of Spiritual formation and growth throughout the lifespan is rewarding, peaceful and most of all, what the Lord wants everyone to experience. Spiritual formation occurs throughout the lifespan, starting at a very young age and can continue through old age. How far one is willing to go to be formed spiritually is up to them. There are many obstacles in life that may prevent one from growing spiritually; however, there are also many occurrences in life that further spiritual formation. One of the most important things that someone can experience in life is spiritual formation, and there are many ways that it may happen. Spiritual formation is â€Å"the process of spiritual shaping and growth† (MacArthur, 2012). Children can tart being formed spiritually at an early age. Attending Sunday school, having a parent read Bible stories or sing Bible songs with them, and hearing about the mighty works of God can all assist in a child’s spiritual growth. Assistance is necessary for a child to begin their spiritual journey. From an early age, children have significant learning and interpretative capacities† (Scott, 2004) which makes them extremely open to taking in what they see and hear. (In her journal article, Faith Formation Across the Generations, Marietta Martinets explains, ‘†We are not formed or fashioned into a people n isolation† (Martinets, 2007). We need assistance in taking the spiritual journey. A child cannot begin to know God if the Word is never introduced to them. Children grow in their understanding of discipleship as they listen to their parents or other adults talk about the challenges of being a person of justice† (Martinets, 2007). When a child is involved in church at an early age, memoirs are put into place through relationships and also through teaching (Merchantable, Kaiser, Larson, 2014). These memories â€Å"will shape faith formation and draw the child closer to Jesus Christ (Merchantable, Kaiser, Larson, 2014). Spiritual formation starts here. James Fowler introduced the theory on the 6 stages of faith. In his theory he explains the journey, through the lifespan, of spiritual formation. It is a very important theory to understand when it comes to spiritual formation across the lifespan. He introduces stage one as an imaginative stage, usually from ages 2-7, where beliefs are formed and the child is very easily persuaded. Negative teachings during this stage could be very damaging to a child’s mind and could harm their spiritual journey. The second stage in Fowlers theory is hen a child starts to understand more clearly the real meaning behind the teachings. The fairy-tale like beliefs start to become more realistic and they are exchanged for more life like situations. The meaning behind right and wrong starts to be understood and a consequence and reward system is learned. Growth from this Stage may happen when obstacles are thrown in the ways that require thought and reflection on the actual meaning of Faith. Stage 3 is mentioned to happen around puberty, but actually, many adults find themselves in this stage also. Beliefs are formed from influential figures eke preachers, communities and the Government. This stage is called the synthetic, conventional stage, due to the fact that one’s beliefs may not be truly thought about and they may be just going with the crowd. When one starts to realize a conflict between their personal beliefs and that of the power source, they may progress to stage 4. This stage is a more realistic stage, where a person may begin to reflect on their past behavior and really understand the true meaning of the Word. It is said that this is one of the hardest stages to adjust to. This stage requires crawling out of one’s shell ND making a step towards God. The authority figures don’t have as much say so for one in this stage, as they begin to form their own beliefs. Stage 5 is a step above figuring it out for yourself, and moves on to openly communicating with others of the same Faith in hopes of figuring out answers and receiving better understanding of the Word. Someone in this stage is a very important figure in humanity, as they have a lot of wisdom to spread. In stage 6, which is considered universalistic faith, one may sacrifice their entire self to serving God. Fowler explains that not many reach this tag. Johnston, 2009) As a child grows up into a young adult, it is possible that their spiritual formation is deepening and they are becoming closer to God. Fowler explains, â€Å"As people age, not only do they show more religious commitment, but scholars have also shown that the nature of their faith changes† (as cited in Eagle, 2008). The enhancement of one’s spirituality can be obtained by doing many things . Adults seem to look to faith in helping to deal with a major sickness, to control emotional issues, to find security, and to ease worries regarding demise (Eagle, 2008). It is during these times that one may become closer to God and enhance their spiritual formation. Communities, churches, and influential figures may be contacted and relied on during rough times, making it important that one go to the right person for advice or direction during a serious time, so that they may be lead in the most Godly manner. Faith can be enhanced, but it also can be weakened. â€Å"Each new life experience, personal or otherwise, may potentially shake and challenge even the strongest religious foundations† (Eagle, 2008). There has been research guarding religious doubt and how it actually may help build one’s faith. Studies have pointed out that when someone hits a bump in the road of life, it could end up making their faith stronger. There will be a time of doubt, of course, when disappointment, hopelessness, and depression may occur and during that time one’s faith may weaken. It may be at these times when one’s spiritual formation comes to a halt. However, â€Å"Religious doubts and questionings are resolved by conformity to prescriptions and/or the expectations of significant others† (Killing, Sorrel’, Montgomery, Colonel, 2006). In different terms, seeking out advice for resolution is helpful from ones that have seen the work of God in their lives and are knowledgeable of the faith, confirming one’s own beliefs through another person’s life trails and experiences. â€Å"Interestingly (and unfortunately), some Christians choose to return to an earlier level of spiritual formation† (Cent, n. D. ). This may happen when a negative life event occurs; however, one’s faith can always be lifted back up. â€Å"V’/tit proper love and care from those Christians who share life with them, most will become progressing Christians again† (lent, n. . ). The Bible tells about many ways to stay on track with growing spiritually. For instance, in Galatians God speaks about what the â€Å"Fruit of the spirit† (Gal. 5:22-23 ESP.) really is. This gives someone an idea of what they can expect when they trust in the Lord and how wonderful His love really is if it is sought out. The Bi ble also says â€Å"l can do all things through Him who strengthens me† (Phil. 4:13). This gives people hope that they can conquer all while on their journey through spiritual formation. That verse is a great foundation for anyone. Peter speaks about the effort one should make to effectively and ritually live out God’s word (2 Pet. 1:5-8). In that passage, one can see what the necessary talents are to live a Godly life. In Ephesians, God says, â€Å"we are to grow up in every way into Him who is the head, into Christ† (Epees. 4:15-16). There are many, many more scriptures that can help one with their spiritual journey. During times of doubt, scripture can lead a person in the right direction and help enhance their spiritual formation and also help them to understand what the Lord may want them to do in that time of doubt. Spiritual formation is something God wants everyone to achieve. A life is not worth living without God in it. Everyone’s journey in growing spiritually will be different, some starting at a very early age in Sunday school, some starting later in their adult life. Everyone will have their ups and downs with their spiritual growth, some regressing when things get tough and others becoming stronger during the storm. God has given the people proper resources to be successful in life and to have faith in Him fully. Seeking out the Lord and progressing in one’s spiritual formation is what living is all about. How to cite White, Papers

Marketing in an International Environment

Question: Discuss about the Marketing in an International Environment. Answer: Introduction International marketing is planning and carrying out of transactions internationally to meet organizational goals and objectives. BHP Billiton uses marketing application between domestic markets that is Australia and foreign markets that are outside the country. It has a wide coverage of both mineral and oil markets. BHP Billiton is an Australian company that deals with mineral and oil exploration. The company wants to introduce their products in China. It covers domestic and international markets and is a major player in the export of minerals and oil globally. The purpose and scope of international marketing in BHP is to increase its revenue through export and expose its products and brands. Marketing increases the scope of publicity and product visibility and especially in the new market.. Brief history and key success in domestic market BHP Billiton is an Australian conglomerate involved in mineral operations. It has also invested in other countries like Brazil, Peru and Colombia and wants to venture in the Chinese market that has a lot of potential. BHP Billiton is an energy exporter and operates seven segments in mineral resources mainly, base metals, diamonds, stainless steel, liquefied natural gas, energy coal and oil (Cadogan, 2009). BHP Billiton is in a process of splitting of its core assets in order to concentrate on products such as iron ore, copper, coal, oil and potash. As of March 1, 2016, came into effect a new operating model that will bring together the operations of the firm in three new areas: Oil, Minerals in the Americas and Australia. Key success in the domestic market is that it has been able to be the market leader in the mineral and oil industry ahead of its competitors like Alcoa Inc and Rio Tinto Limited. This strategy can be applied in the new Chinese market. Objectives of exporting Exporting can be a cost effective way to expand their business, spread their risks and reduce their degree of dependence on the local market. Conducted research indicates that export companies are profitable than non-export companies. The Chinese market has a very huge potential. The export exposes you to have new ideas, new practices of management, marketing and strategies to compete that are not experienced before in a domestic market. All this greatly improves their ability to also compete domestically and internationally(Conley and Friedenwald-Fishman, 2006). While abroad, it can be more productivity and increases efficiency. Exporting companies have better growth prospects, workforce that is highly productive and tend to adapt faster technology and techniques.Even if you have a limited domestic market, you should think about exports, about a quarter of new exporters born global.Global brands can be built from small businesses domestically. Organizational capabilities and resources BHP Billiton is a major player in domestic and international mineral exploration. It is very capable of handling large exploration site like those in Australia. The technological resources is valued at more than A$ 5 Billion with other resources still unmentioned due to exploration in other countries. The profit for the last financial year ended 30 June 2015 is $44.6billion down from $56.76 billion the previous year. This decline is attributable to a sluggish economic uptake of minerals and depreciation of the Australian dollars. There is also an aspect of increased competition from major competitors like Torino(Czinkota, Ronkainen and Ortiz-Buonafina, 2004). Profits from operations declined from $22.6 billion the previous year to $ 8.4 billion this financial year. It has employed more than 1000 employees comprising of experts and casuals. Organizational strengths and weaknesses when entering the Chinese market Strengths: Strengths are comprised of clear and measurable objectives, adequate organizational culture, good communication system and efficient internal control systems in BHP Billiton. In marketing, it gives an organization a good image and promotion of a clear marketing strategy. Thus it can easily get into the Chinese market. Weaknesses: Lack of planning adequate, description of unclear functions in the organization, lack of effective control measures. Marketing weaknesses leads to inability to innovate, inadequate distribution channels and lack of investment research may be a hindrance to effectively penetrate the market. At this point, for better goal setting and a better formulation of strategies, it is advisable to make a list in order of importance with the strengths and weaknesses identified, locating the strength and / or more important at the top of the list weakness. Pestle analysis Target market For BHP Billiton, the constant global economic recession coupled with plummeting mineral prices has caused a dent on the macroeconomic environment. The recession has lowered the purchasing power of the customers while some have cut down on the purchases. Therefore, the company has taken steps to find more markets for their products in Asia( China) and Europe. Consumers around the globe have become more and more conscious of ethics therefore, it means that the company has to comply with social and environmental norms during mining and production process. The company however, makes treaties and agreements to collaborate with the communities living in the targeted markets through CSRs as part of their international marketing strategies. The main factor in politics is about raw materials sourcing. Reason for this is due to the fact that politicians in the target markets and also in foreign countries where BHP Billiton is operating in have taken a key interest on companies especially in the mining industry due to environmental and social impact. Its important to give fair trade practice. It is also important for the company to follow regulations and laws in the countries that it exports its products which include minerals and oil products (Ferber, n.d.). These laws may include quotas and set prices for selling their products. In developing countries, this practice is more prevalent. Multinational countries are subjected to greater scrutiny in their way of doing business. Tax policies are included here. Target consumers The target consumers include contractors in the construction industry in Europe, South America and USA. This markets need products such as copper and oil for various industries.. Also, Economic factors such as exchange rate and depreciation of currency affect the marketability and bottom line of BHP Billiton. The impact of social cultural factors which includes consumer preferences and changing patterns in foreign markets in Europe and USA has led to change in the companys policy in marketing. The changes of marketing policy will help when entering the new market. On the other hand, BHP Billiton is in a position to enjoy the immense benefits of technological improvements, as it can use various social media platforms such as websites and other digital sources of advertising to increase the market awareness in foreign countries. Improvement of technology also enables the company to know the long term view of the fundamentals of international markets in the long term to create awareness (Lange, 2010). The pestle analysis proves that BHP Billiton has a stable external environment, and this is the key to their market domination both internally and externally. Market analysis Following the creation of, BHP Billiton was left with its greatest assets, also implementing a new organizational model that combines the operations by geographical areas, in the case of America and Europe. The competitors of BHP Billiton are Alcoa Inc, Rio Tinto Ltd and Vale S/A in Australia, some of these companies like Rio Tinto has already entered the China market. However, BHP Billiton has the largest market share in both domestic and international markets. This is attributed by quality products and a strong brand. The company aims for a simple, agile and lower cost structure. These changes will give the company greater adaptability in the new market, it is notable that during the past two years BHP Billiton has made progress on all the goals that the company had proposed. Among them, mention the reduction of high potential incidents, increased labor productivity, the availability and use of equipment, optimal implementation of projects and savings recorded in the supply area. The Company has focused on productivity for four or five years which means reduction of costs, and is able to offset through increased efficiency thereby reducing the cost (SWOT analysis, 2008). Cheaper quality products is what the market needs therefore on strategy the company is far ahead of its rivals. Deteriorating external conditions accelerated some of these decisions indeed. The market situation is now clear justification of the need for all these changes to be done at the same time, an opportunity to build the companys future and look good standing before the stage to come. The lower copper prices have affected the company's operations. But the important thing is that we have been able to improve on those aspects that we control and thus have better results. Regarding the decline in prices, the company has created measures that all public and private stakeholders follow to restore the prices. However, the market is still big and there is a very big market that is not tapped, these markets include Africa where there is a lot developing going on and infrastructure development hence the products would be very useful here. Competitor analysis in the new market The Chinese market is dominated by companies such as among them are Chinese minerals marketing company which is one of the largest in this market, China Shenhua company is another big company and it will have to compete with these companies. After merger of BHP and Billiton in 2001, the new company gained a bigger market share in the domestic market, strategic positioning and gained resources that enabled it to get a bigger market share in the exploration and mining industry. our competitors are China Shenhua company and Chinese minerals marketing company. BHP Billiton must acquire more resources and expertise unlike its competitors to enter this market. All the companies use digital mode of advertising and the prices of the products are almost the same. Considering that BHP is the largest of the companies, it has enough resources to improve and position itself well in new markets unlike the other firms. However, the company needs to leverage of new information technologies and espec ially the Internet when it enters this market it should Make the most intelligent and productive use of these tools. BHP Billiton Should Learn, get involved using e-commerce, digital marketing, branding, apps, internet of things .Integrate the real world of business with digital world to stay ahead of business and increase its sales. It covers domestic and international markets and is a major player in the export of minerals and oil globall. Conclusion The company plans well in advance, the decisions Of BHP Billiton to enter the Chinese market cannot be guided solely by price cycles. International competition between new players and veterans on world markets, has prompted all companies to increasingly deploy new marketing schemes because there are more competitors in the markets; more demanding customers; new standards and technical requirements; high quality standards; technological advances and new and more aggressive export support (O'Meara, 2003). In this sense, international marketing is an important and necessary factor that is still getting goods from the producer in a country to consumers located in another country involves activities such as sales, advertising, market information, transport, storage and financing. Companies with international vision have departments or specialized managers in marketing their products, which are in charge, usually from market research to meet the needs of individuals their consumption habits and possible acceptance of new products. It takes advertising to promote and stimulate sales even for BHP Billiton in the new market. For BHP Billiton, much of its growth is due to the export sector and in this regard the Foreign Trade is substantive part for the improvement of revenues. The company should have great logistics platform to push its products in the international market. However, apart from logistical s needs, the company needs to employ various strategies that counter what competitors do and set new policies for advertising and new market search. Recommendations Evaluation of their potential current international marketing strategy is aimed at improving revenues for the company. They have come together these two points because in a purely fundamental framework, how it is at hand, both concepts must pay attention and plan their actions based on the same aspects of a thorough knowledge of the market. International marketing in BHP will increase the revenue of the company. BHP is required to improve the technology level, expand on the foreign markets and increase the brand visibility of the products. The company board and management should increase financial resources to the marketing department so that it can advertise internationally. Additionally, production of quality products in terms of oil and mineral ores are manufactured (Malhotra, 2008). The purpose and scope of international marketing in BHP is to increase its revenue through export and expose its products and brands. Marketing increases the scope of publicity and product visibility. References Balabanis, G., Theodosiou, M. and Katsikea, E. (2004).Developments in export marketing. Bradford, England: Emerald Group Pub. Cadogan, J. (2009).Marketing strategy. London: SAGE. Conley, C. and Friedenwald-Fishman, E. (2006).Marketing that matters. San Francisco, CA: Berrett-Koehler Publishers. Conley, C. and Friedenwald-Fishman, E. (2006).Marketing that matters. San Francisco, CA: Berrett-Koehler Publishers. Czinkota, M., Ronkainen, I. and Ortiz-Buonafina, M. (2004).The export marketing imperative. Australia: Thomson. Ferber, R. (n.d.).Market research. International marketing strategy. (2002). Cookham: CIM Pub. Lange, J. (2010).Human resource management in Indonesia. Hamburg: Diplomica Verlag. Malhotra, N. (2008).Review of marketing research. Armonk, N.Y.: M.E. Sharpe. Marconi, J. (2002).Cause marketing. Chicago: Dearborn Trade Pub. O'Meara, P. (2003).The Decembrist Pavel Pestel. Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan. Onkvisit, S. and Shaw, J. (2004).International marketing. New York: Routledge. SWOT analysis. (2008). [Washington, D.C.]: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Risk Management Agency. Yesterdaytodaytomorrow. (2003). Melbourne: BHP Billiton.

Baldwin Water Works free essay sample

In 1996 the city of Cleveland began a $750 million Plant Enhancement Program. The program’s goal was to renovate and modernize the city’s four water treatment facilities, which are among the 10 largest in the US, and were built in 1856; over 500 million gallons of water are pumped to Cleveland residents daily. In the following paper I attempt to provide with an overview of the Baldwin Water Work Plant Enhancement Program (PEP) (one of the four water treatment facilities) scope, time plan, costs, and objectives; describe the program’s life cycle stages required to execute all projects involved; indentify and analyze the possible associated risks, and present the respective risk responses; define the controlling and monitoring process of the program; indentify and analyze the framework items of the program’s plan that were critical to reach key achievements. Objectives, Scope of Work, Budget The first step towards the definition of the Plant Enhancement Program’s (PEP) objectives is indentifying the need that this set of projects attempt to satisfy: developed in 1924, Baldwin Water Works Plant is in need of renovations and improvements. We will write a custom essay sample on Baldwin Water Works or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The next step is for the program management consultant (PMC) to comprehend the programs objectives. In this business case, as in many other cases, PMC is not assigned early enough in order to participate in the formation of the objectives; the objectives are established by the program’s sponsor. Furthermore, in order to understand and validate PEP’s objectives must, the PMC must take under consideration PEP’s public nature; public programs’ objectives â€Å"should be aligned with the important priorities in the society and the needs of the users† (Samset as cited in Shiferaw and Klakegg, par. 1, pg. 14). According to the need and PEP’s nature, PMC must reach the following objectives: Evaluate and optimize water supply Rehabilitate and modernize water treatment facility, ensuring it is at its highest operational efficiency and safety Develop and implement new plant operating system Reconstruct facilities resulting in the lowest water rates possible Limit future facilities’ operational and maintenance costs Renovate the existing administration building, while maintaining its historical structure Supply Cleveland’s downtown and eastside communities with clean and safe potable water (City of Cleveland 2010, pg. 20). Once the PMC has identified the PEP’s objective, it needs to validate these objectives in the scope of work (Kezner 2013, pg. 521). The Project Management Consultant is responsible for all project activities including planning, design, and construction, and cost, time and quality management. PMC shall: reconstruct and improve water treatment facilities by replacing plant’s valves and pipes, rehabilitating plant’s filters, and moving from a manual operational system to PLC-based operational system; provide training and hands-on assistance on the new operational system for all employees; meet and exceed existing and future regulations set by the state of Ohio; perform architectural and structural rehabilitation of Baldwin Water Works historical administration building. Finally, during reconstructions and renovations the PMC shall keep the plant operational. After the establishment of the program’s objectives and scope of work, the PMC must estimate the project’s completion time, and all costs involved; PMC must develop the program’s time plan and budget. One of the most useful tools for accomplishing those two tasks is Work Breakdown Structure (WBS) (Lewis 2007, pg. 56). The program can be broken down into four levels, as depicted in diagram 1, page 4. By breaking down the program into specific projects and tasks the PMC can better define costs of the material, equipment and effort needed for the programs activities, and also the time required. In addition to the WBS and in order to calculate roughly the PEP’s costs, the PMC will be using approximate estimate. The PEP’s cost is estimated by analogy to the Morgan Water Plant Rehabilitation program, in Cleveland, OH, which has a similar scope of work and capacity (Shook Construction 2013) (Kerzner 2013, pg. 680). The total cost for the Morgan Water Plant Rehabilitation program was $26 million; the Baldwin Water Works Plan Enhancement Program is 15 percent more difficult, taking under consideration the delicate work necessary for the renovation of the historical administration building. These result in an estimated cost of $30 million for the completion of our PEP (Kezner 2013, pg. 680) (www. shookconstruction. com). Finally, the PMC identifies two types of budgets: distributed budget is defined by the man-hours an required for the achievement of the tasks and subtasks established in the WBS, and the essential materials and equipment needed (i.e. 2,500 tons of 20† by 48† ductile iron piping, 48† electrically activated valves, PLC-Based control instruments, filter medias, slate shingles, crane, drillers, concrete, iron gunnels, masonry, exterior windows); management reserve of $3 million used in case of escalations in construction workers salaries, unforeseen delays resulting during personnel training on the new PLC-Based operating system, risks Diagram 1. Baldwin Water Works Plant Enhancement Program WBS (Shook Construction 2013) (Bowen Associates Inc. 2013). Involved in the case of the administration building intricate structures disturbance, fluctuations in prices of essential material and equipment (Kezner 2013, pg. 751). The total PEP’s budget resulting after the identification of the two budget types is $33 million. Life Cycle, Time Plan In addition to WBS and in order to estimate the time plan for the PEP’s completion, PMC must define the programs life cycle. The most commonly type of life-cycle program used for construction projects is the sequential one or waterfall program life-cycle; this is the one that PMC will be using for this specific case. According to waterfall life-cycle the following program phases are defined: Diagram 2. Baldwin Water Works Program Life-Cycle (Hallows 2005, pg. 84) To better estimate the project’s time of completion or schedule, PMC needs to elaborate on the identified phases. During Phase 1, the PMC carries out a feasibility study; at this phase the program’s goals and objectives, technical aspects, challenges, cost estimates and development schedule are defined. At this stage and because of the project’s public nature, the commitment and participation of local, state and federal authorities are of a high importance. The City of Cleveland Water Division provides the PMC with the general guidelines, but it has to participate in the development of the feasibility study in order to make sure that all guidelines have been understood and taken under consideration by the PMC. Furthermore, at this point the project’s financial feasibility is being evaluated. Out of the total of $750 million to be provided towards the city’s four water treatment plants enhancement program, $33 million are distributed towards the Baldwin Water Works Plant Enhancement program. The time required for the completion of the feasibility study is 6 months. At the end of the study the two projects, Renovation and Reconstruction, under the PEP are deemed feasible and approved for development by the City of Cleveland Water Division (owner). The end of Phase 1 initiates Phase 2; planning of the PEP. At this stage the scope of work, mentioned before, is established, objectives are refined, deliverables named, budget and schedule defined. In addition, the City of Cleveland Landmarks Commission’s guidelines towards the renovation of the historic administration building are being evaluated and technical characteristics of that task identified. Moreover, State and Federal Governing Bodies ensure that the program’s objectives and technical aspects are aligned to current water regulations, and that future developments are being taken under consideration. Finally, risks are identified according to the given internal and external challenges, evaluated, and responses are developed. One year for the completion of Phase 2. The PMC then is moving forward with the detail design of the projects and the tasks required in order to reach objectives and deliverables; Phase 3. The two tasks under the Renovation project are being developed at this stage (Case Study). The PMC develops a facility plan by mapping out and prioritizing all the necessary improvements of the plant’s facilities. In addition a facility planning consultant is hired to conduct evaluations of all existing structures and indentify the Renovation’s scope of work. Then Bowen Associates Inc. is hired to provide detail design of the project, provide material, equipment, civil engineers, architects, and construction workers for the architectural and structural tasks and subtasks depicted in Diagram 1 WBS (Bowen Associates Inc. 2013). Furthermore, Shook Construction Company is hired for the design of the Reconstruction project. Shook Construction is responsible for providing all material and equipment, civil engineers, architects, electrical and mechanical engineers, and construction workers required for the completion of the project’s tasks and subtasks depicted in Diagram 1 WBS. The time required for carrying out Phase 3 is one year. After the detail design of the two projects’ tasks and subtasks, it is time for the PMC to initiate the implementation of the program; Phase 4. Both Shook Construction Company, responsible for the Reconstruction Project, and Bowen Associates Inc. , responsible for the Renovation Project, have to work simultaneously for the completion of Phase 4, in order to reach the deadline set by the PMC. During reconstruction, the plant moved from a manual operational mode to a PLC-based operating system that resulted in water usage optimization. Furthermore, construction and renovations crews have to work heavily during the months when the city requires the least amount of water, while ensuring there are no power outages during the months when water demand is at its highest. Finally, during removal and replacement of piping and valves, the plant will completely close down for a total of ten days. The total time required for Phase 4 is 6 months. The final Phase of the PEP is training of plants personnel. During this phase the program management team together with Shook Construction Company’s electrical and mechanical engineers, provides training classes and hands-on assistance on the new PLC-based operating system, for all employees. The time required for Phase 5 is six months, resulting in a total of 3 years and 6 months for the completion of the PEP. Risks Identification Responses We choose to assess and analyze risks associated with the PEP, attacking each of the programs life-cycle phases; Life-Cycle Risk Analysis (Kezner 2013, pg. 887). The following risks and responses are identified and developed respectively: Feasibility Study: The City of Ohio Water Division has budgeted a total of $750 for towards the Plant Enhancement Program of Cleveland’s four water treatment funds. The PMC faces with an external challenge that is to estimate costs of technology, material, equipment and human resource requirements of the Baldwin Water Works PEP and draw a strategy and budget having in mind the feasibility of both Baldwin Water Works program and the city’s remaining three plants enhancement programs; That demands that the PMC work together with the city’s executives in the city’s office, and use of Microsoft’s web-based SharePoint software, which promotes coordination and facilititates the sharing of information and knowledge between the PMC team and city’s officials (Diebel and Catalano 2012, pg 63). Planning: One of the challenges that the PMC has to deal with at this phase is an internal technical challenge, which is to rehabilitate facilities resulting in lower water rates, and limited future operational and maintenance costs. The PMC chooses to transfer this challenge by hiring a construction and engineering company, which will be responsible for the Reconstruction project. Furthermore, the PMC needs to meet and exceed, existing future water regulations set by the state of Ohio and United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA); an external risk. Once again the PMC needs to work side by side to the agency’s officials ensuring standards under the Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA) are understood and included in the program’s planning (EPA 2013, SDWA). Design: Designing the renovation project and its architectural and rehabilitation tasks is an external challenge, given that the plant’s administration building was declared a historical landmark in 1970. The PMC needs to make sure that the City of Cleveland’s Landmarks Commission guidelines for restoring the historical building are understood and taken under consideration during the design phase. Again the SharePoint software can be used for the efficient exchange of information between the PMC, Bowen Associates Inc. and the commission; this Web-Based portal enables each party to function effectively within its own area of expertise and at the same time interact with the other groups to work collaboratively (Diebel and Catalano 2012, pg 63). Implementation: The first main internal challenge is the site’s limited space for both contractors to work. The PMC team decides that Shook Construction crew will cut through a 24-inch thick concrete wall, 28 ft  bellow ground to route all material and equipment necessary for the reconstruction project. Another challenge is that the water facility is kept operational during construction. The PMC decides that both crews will work heavily during the months of low water consumption, and reconstruct and renovate each of the facility’s wings sequentially, in order to attack this challenge. Training: The final internal challenge is to train plant’s employees in order for the implementation of the computerized operating system to be quick and efficient. In order to attack this challenge the PMC team together with Shook Construction company engineers provides training classes and hands-on assistance for all employees, which may result in a smooth transition from the manual mode to the PLC-based operating system. Monitor Control The PMC team will develop a management cost and control system, which will be separated into the following cycles: planning cycle (planning and control); operating cycle (cost and control) (Kezner 2013, pg. 738). Planning and control of the program is a very useful tool for the PMC to manage scope change, and/or scope creep. During the planning phase the PMC has developed a detailed description, schedule, and budget of the program’s projects, tasks, and subtasks defined in WBS (Diagram 1). The planning phase’s end results need to be documented and signed by the city, state and federal government officials, and then converted in a pdf. file format (only the administrator can modify pdf. files) in order to be communicated to the two project contractors. In this way the PMC can eliminate the risks of scope creep. Furthermore, at this stage the PMC will define types of scope change requests and the reason for the change, and whether change is essential or not (Khan 2006, pg. 15). PMC will use an earned value management system (EVMS) during the operating cycle. EVMS is a comparison of the actual work performed, in each of the WBS tasks and subtasks, versus the actual work scheduled to be performed at that given point of the program; schedule performance.   Moreover, the PMC will compare the actual costs incurred at that given point versus the budgeted cost (cost performance). In order for the MPC to efficiently track cost and schedule performance at anytime, a specialized â€Å"dashboard view† in SharePoint is created, were both contractors submit information about the progress of their projects. Site inspections on regular intervals and weekly meetings are also used for monitoring and controlling the program (Diebel and Catalano 2012, pg 63). Finally, the PMC will produce monthly reports of the program’s performance for local, state and federal government officials. Key Achievements Conclusions By identifying the key achievements of the Baldwin Water Works Plant Enhancement Program case study, we understand how vitally important is the successful planning phase of the program for its victorious completion. During the planning phase the program’s objectives, scope of work, budget, and of course risks and responses to them are identified and evaluated. The detail and successful planning of the PEP resulted in the following key achievements: the program was completed $2,884,075 (approximately 10 percent) below the awarded amount of $33; reached milestones on or ahead of schedule; complete close down of plant lasted four days instead of the 10 days given by the customer; reconstruction and renovation was completed eight months early. Another key aspect of the program’s successful is the design phase. During that period the two contractors for carrying out the reconstruction and renovation projects are chosen by the PMC; selection process was crucial for the successful completion of the program and the achievement of key objectives. During implementation phase both contractors had to work simultaneously in order to carry out the tasks and subtasks defined in the WBS. Efficient communication between contractors and the PMC, through SharePoint and weekly meetings, proved to be the main factor for the successful completion of tasks and subtasks, ahead of time schedule, and bellow budget.

Burnt by the Sun - Film Crtitique essays

Burnt by the Sun - Film Crtitique essays In analyzing the two main characters-Kotov and Mitia-there are many distinctions and similarities between the two, insomuch that they were both burnt by the sun. The film takes place in 1936 Russia, nineteen years after the Communist Revolution and well into Stalins purges. The film centers on Colonel Kotov, a revolutionary in the Bolshevik uprising and Mitia, a member of Stalins secret political police who was sent to retrieve Kotov for his execution. In analyzing Kotov, one can understand why Stalin would consider him a threat to his desire to be dictator of Russia. The Colonel was a strong and powerful man, and very charismatic. He rose from meager rural beginnings to be transformed by Socialism into the man Stalin wanted as men of Russia-a good soldier who loves his people, his revolution, and his Motherland. Respected and glorified by all, nothing seems to be able to get in his way as demonstrated in the opening scenes of the movies as he orders a battalion of tanks and airplanes to withdraw their maneuvers in a rural area. The film therefore illustrates the age-old injustices inherent in absolute power and how easily past loyalties is betrayed, or in other words, how he (and later Mitia) were burnt by the sun. Kotov, does not exude the image of one who could be accused of treason. Accounts of amazing confessions aired on the radio of trials and executions of other leading Communists didnt perturb him. When Stalin's political police force, comes to arrest him, Kotov remains very calm, expecting to resolve everything with a simple phone call to the Kremlin, but when the arresting officers turn violent, Kotov understands. Therefore his tragedy is not that of a guilty man, but the tragedy of a man blinded by the precepts and principles of the all-powerful regime he fought to establish. The most obscure and probably the most important point of the movie was the ominous fireballs that appeared throughout the fil...

How might a seaside resort in 1870 be expected to differ from the same Essay

How might a seaside resort in 1870 be expected to differ from the same resort in 1930 What accounts for the changes - Essay Example People began to filter into the cities to find work and thus seashore towns were developed. Many of the first settlers along the seashore began to open up boarding houses and hotels. The wealthy stayed in hotels and the less wealthy people used the boarding houses. The first boarding houses rented for a fee of $8 – 12 a week for room and board and often included meals and a wagon ride through the cornfields to the beach. As an example, Point Pleasant Beach, New Jersey developed in the 1870s as a destination for visitors through Captain John Arnold. He retired from a sea career and bought land in Point Pleasant Beach. He built a railroad to the ocean, which is now known as Arnold Avenue. As in other seashore towns, the railroad was the most influential factor in development and tourism of seashore towns. The 1870s were an era of major tourism expansion brought on by developers who bought and subdivided old farms for vacation home lots. In 1877 The Point Pleasant Land Company bo ught a 250 acres farm and began selling lots. To attract buyers, a Resort House was built and began a horse-drawn trolley service for tourists. The Resort House was a four-story hotel type structure that housed 200 guests, and was the largest building in town. The resort featured shaded oak and locust trees, a manicured lawn and a clear view of the beachfront dunes. The inside included a ballroom and bowling alley, which was very upscale for that time. Several other hotels and boarding houses were built similar before the turn-of-the-century. Some of the hotels advertised access to New York and Philadelphia trains, trolley lines, water works, electric lights plants and no mosquitoes. Many of these hotels burned to the ground due to being wood structures and others lost business due to changing tastes in lodging. The first beachfront pavilion was constructed in 1880, and ten years later the first boardwalk was built. The first boardwalk was very flimsy and washed away within two year s. During the Victorian period rapid growth in population began in the seaside resorts. The railways made if possible for visitors to travel to the seashore, and it became much more affordable. The seashore had a nostalgic draw to people as a focal vacation point. A seaside holiday was considered very charming at that time. Again, only a few ordinary people owned cars or telephones until the 1950s. Even when televisions became available, they were very expensive for the average family. The working class worked hard all week in factories, offices, shops and mines and very rarely had the opportunity to travel. However, it became popular to set aside a time during the year to take a seaside holiday. This was popular both in England and the Americas. Traveling to the seaside became popular when it was decided that the sea and bathing in the sea was good for your health. Dr. Richard Russell advocated the use of seawater in bathing and in drinking to treat many early illnesses, in the lat e 1700s. So it became fashionable for the rich especially to visit the seashore. For people of England a railway trip to the seaside and a week or two-holiday stay at a resort was the highlight of the year. The popularity of holiday seaside trips grew until it became popular to take trips abroad to experience different lifestyles. This became very popular with the wealthy, as the ordinary person could not afford such luxuries. Just as the industrial revolution helped build the

Creating a cooperative Inter-Departmental atmosphere in Emergency Research Paper

Creating a cooperative Inter-Departmental atmosphere in Emergency Management - Research Paper Example For example, Chernobyl disaster and Three Miles Island disaster has taught the world the necessity of interdepartmental cooperation in emergency management. It is impossible for a single department to manage huge disasters effectively. In fact, many countries seek the assistance of other countries when severe disasters occur. For example, Pakistan sought international aid recently when severe flood and storm struck many parts of that country which made the human life standstill. This paper reviews the available literature in order to learn more about the necessity of interdepartmental cooperation in managing emergency situations. â€Å"An effective emergency management system requires the most efficient use of all available resources. Whenever possible, emergency responsibilities should be the extensions of federal agencies† (Haddow et al, 2008. p.6). Many countries have emergency management and disaster preparedness agencies and programs. However, when disaster strikes heavily, it is impossible for these agencies to manage the problems independently because of the complex elements involved in the rescue and disaster management process. For example, nuclear disasters are common nowadays because of the increased use of nuclear power plants to produce nuclear energies. The Chernobyl accident in 1986 was the result of a flawed reactor design that was operated with inadequately trained personnel. The resulting steam explosion and fires released at least 5% of the radioactive reactor core into the atmosphere and downwind. Two Chernobyl plant workers died on the night of the accident, and a further 28 people died within a few weeks as a result of acute radiation poisoning (Chernobyl Accident, 2009) Chernobyl nuclear power plant staffs were not trained properly to face any eventualities. Moreover, improper design of the reactor was the major cause of this disaster. It is difficult for the emergency management agency alone to

Hybrid Model of Crisis Intervention Case Study

Hybrid Model of Crisis Intervention Case Study Frances Roulet The assignment: (3-4 pages) Provide an analysis of the crisis depicted in the Case Study in this weeks Learning Resources. Explain how you would apply the Hybrid Model to the crisis in the Case Study. Integrate Maslows model into your evaluation and explain how you did so. In 1972 a military infantryman flew home alone from Vietnam. When he arrived in his hometown, San Antonio, TX, no one was there to greet him. His return was not communicated to his family, and his wife was at work in the mayor’s office while his six-year-old daughter and 10-year-old son were at school. Feeling confused and without family, friends, or military support, he took a bus to a nearby stop and walked the remainder of the way home. He searched out two guns in his home and asked his neighbor if he could borrow her car. He then left to pick up his children at school and walked into the school firing at faculty and students. Several teachers and students were gunned down. He found his two children, took them, and left for the San Antonio mayor’s office to find his wife. At that time he left his children in the car, re-loaded his guns, and went into his wife’s office, again firing his guns and apparently killing several individuals including a number of counc ilpersons, police officers, and the mayor. You are a Professor of Counselor Education and Supervision at a university in San Antonio, TX. Apply the Six-Step Model of Crisis Intervention for responding in this community. Case study: Vignette. Analysis. In the Case Vignette No. 1, the soldier had been deployed back to his hometown in San Antonio, Texas. Hoge, Lesikar, Guevara, Lange, Brundage, Engel, Orman, Messer (2002) explained that researches conducted after military conflicts, deployment stressors and exposing soldiers to combat were considered risks factors of mental health problems, including post-traumatic stress disorder, [PSTD], major depression, substance abuse, impairment in social functioning and in the ability to work and the increase use of health care services. In this case, although there is insufficient information about the infantry soldier; and, we do not know if he faced directly combat, this soldier and part of his comrades were exposed to danger, injuries and death on a daily basis. Although not everyone exposed to violence or traumatic events may develop PTSD, factors, such as, the intensity of the trauma and proximity to the circumstances can increase the propensity of developing the disorder (Phillips, LeardMann, Gumbs Smith, 2010). According to Phillips, LeardMann, Gumbs Smith (2010) when a person is exposed to combat, and have constant threats of death or witness to it, serious injury or witness to it become significant risk factors for screening positive for postdeployment PTSD among soldiers as well as, violence exposures prior entering the infantry. Hoge, Castro, Messer, McGurk, Cotting, Koffman (2004) explained that soldiers and marines presented new onset PTSD after returning from combat several months later. These investigators explained that in their study a 7.6% was revealed with probable new onset PTSD. In the Case Vignette No. 1, he definitely was presenting new onset symptoms for PTSD because he felt confused, alone without support and no communication. There is a probability that he might have been impacted and presented symptoms of PTSD before being deployed to Vietnam, and returned traumatized with his experience in Vietnam. The infantry soldier of this case, was impacted, and presented symptoms of PTSD apparently before being deployed to Vietnam, and returned even more traumatized with his Vietnam experience. These same investigators explained that one study was conducted before the military operation with Iraq and Afghanistan and they discovered that a 6 of all US military service personnel on active duty received treatment for mental disorders each year (Hoge, Castro, Messer, McGurk, Cotting, Koffman, 2004). Based on my analysis, this case has greater risk for developing a combat related psychological disorder, not to mention criminal charges for hurting and killing innocent people. And, at his return, he found out that there was no communication was done before his arrival, no family member’s to receive. Phillips, LeardMann, Gumbs Smith (2010) explained that when a person is exposed to combat, and, have constant threat of death or witness to it, serious injury or witness to it become significant risk factors for screening positive for post-deployment PTSD. Hybrid Model to the crisis in the Case Study TRIAGE ASSESSMENT FORM: CRISIS INTERVENTION CRISIS EVENT. Identify and describe briefly the crisis situation: The identified male is a Vietnam infantry soldier rushed in emergency during morning hours. There were direct witness to several traumatic events and victims of a shooting. Some of these traumatic events were: The lost of coworkers, friends and neighbors of the community. The impact of an extreme loud noise impacting their physical being. AFFECTIVE DOMAIN Identify and describe briefly the affect that is present. (If more than one affect is experienced, rate with #1 being primary, #2 secondary, #3 tertiary.) No. 1. Feeling of fear and anxiety: The victims remain with a high level of fear that could be badly hurt or killed. After being a direct witness to the whole event of shooting and seeing people he knew from the community and how they were falling and dispersing. The victims may present a possibility of not being able to remember details of how they managed to escape from the traumatic event. No. 2. Feeling of being confused: Feeling confused of what happened or not being able to comprehend the traumatic event. No. 2. Feeling of guilty: Feeling guilty of running away from the event when they could of helped a neighbor, friend or co-worker. No. 2. Feeling anguished when speaking of the traumatized events. No. 2. Feeling sad. No. 3. Anger feelings completely repressed. Affective Severity Scale Circle the number that most closely corresponds with client’s reaction to crisis. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Moderate Impairment à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ ¢Ã‚  7 Affect may be incongruent with situation. Extended periods of intense negative moods. Mood is experienced noticeably more intensely than situation warrants. Affects may be obviously incongruent with situation. BEHAVIORAL DOMAIN Identify and describe briefly which behavior is currently being used. (If more than one behavior is utilized, rate with #1 being primary, #2 secondary, #3 tertiary.) APPROACH: Direct witness to several traumatic events, such as the scene of bodies of people around the victims. The tendency of the victims is running as far as they can from the traumatic and noxious event. AVOIDANCE: Victims may not want to avoid meeting new friends in order to develop and maintain a social circle. And, also may avoid having the opportunity of a new relationship. IMMOBILITY: The victims may constantly be re-experiencing the traumatic event of Vietnam. Their spontaneous memories of the traumatic events, recurrent dreams about the mornings where he was exploded the attacks, that killed several people and injured others were rushed that same morning. They might present flashbacks of the dramatic and traumatic events of the morning. The victims explained especially when they turn around to see what had happened. And, they see others being abused and terrorized. They immediately remember the traumatic event and they keep seeing more people dead. Then, they begins feeling scared and non trustful from all people that surrounds them. They present a prolonged distress. Behavioral Severity Scale Circle the number that most closely corresponds with client’s reaction to crisis. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Moderate Impairment à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ ¢Ã‚  7 Behaviors are maladaptive but not immediately destructive. Behaviors are difficult to control even with repeated requests. Behavior is becoming a threat to self or others and increasingly difficult to control. Ability to perform tasks necessary for daily functioning may be noticeably compromised. COGNITIVE DOMAIN Identify if a transgression, threat, or loss has occurred in the following areas and describe briefly. (If more than one cognitive response occurs, rate with #1 being primary, #2 secondary, #3 tertiary PHYSICAL (food, water, safety, shelter, etc.): During the escape from the shooting, and although they do not recall how they managed to escape or how they managed to get to the opposite side of the affected area, they suffered deprivation of safety and medical and psychological attention for several minutes. According to Gilliland (2013) the transgression, threat, loss or the three may be perceived as an association to whatever the person physical needs are. ___1___ TRANSGRESSION ___1____THREAT ___1____LOSS PSYCHOLOGICAL (self-concept, emotional well being, identity, etc.): They present a persistent and distorted sense of confusion or guiltiness of not able to help others. They may present arousal when presenting sleep disturbance, hyper-vigilance during the following weeks. ___1___ TRANSGRESSION ___1____THREAT ___1____LOSS SOCIAL RELATIONSHIPS (family, friends, co-workers, etc.): Some of the victims may have lost friends, family members, and neighbors when they were forced to run for their lives in order to continue living after the traumatic event suffered. They may markedly diminished interest in activities, such as their social life and interpersonal relationships. Gilliland (2013) explains that the disturbance, regardless of its triggers causes clinical significant distress and at times impairment in her social interactions and capacity to work. ___1___ TRANSGRESSION ___1____THREAT ___1____LOSS MORAL/SPIRITUAL (personal integrity, values, belief system, etc.): They might questioned their spiritual believes, or may want to see a representative of their religious community in order to feel reassure their spiritual believes ___1___ TRANSGRESSION ___1____THREAT ____1___LOSS Cognitive Severity Scale Circle the number that most closely corresponds with client’s reaction to crisis. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Moderate Impairment à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ ¢Ã‚  7 Client’s perception and interpretation of crisis event may differ in some respects with reality of situation. Intrusive thoughts of crisis event with limited control. Problem solving and decision-making abilities adversely affected by obsessiveness, self-doubt, confusion. Client experiences recurrent difficulties with problem-solving and decision making abilities. Problem-solving and decision making abilities minimally affected. Client’s perception and interpretation of crisis event substantially match with reality of situation. DOMAIN SEVERITY SCALE SUMMARY Affective à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ ¢Ã‚  7 Cognitive à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ ¢Ã‚  7 Behavioral à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ ¢Ã‚  7 Total à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ ¢Ã‚  21 Developmental Ecological Assessment Approach. Stage of Psychosocial Development. In this particular case, the developmental psychosocial stages of all the victims were working class adults in their working environment and during normal working hours. And, school students in an early morning studying period hours of a regular weekday. References Hoge, C., W., Castro, C., A., Messer, S., C., McGurk, D., Cotting, D. I. Koffman, R., L. (2004). Combat duty in Iraq and Afghanistan, mental health problems, and barriers to care. New England Journal of Medicine, 351(1): 13-22. Hoge, C., W., Lesikar, S., E., Guevara, R., Lange, J., Brundage, J., F., Engel, C., C., Orman, D., T. Messer, S., C. (2002). Mental Disorders among US military personnel in the 1990s: Association with high levels of Health care utilization and early military attrition. American Journal Psychiatry, 159: 1576-1583. James, R. Gilliland, B. (2013). Crisis Intervention Strategies. (7th Edition). Belmont, CA: Brooks/Cole, Cengage Learning. Phillips, C. J., LeardMann, C. A., Gumbs, G. R., Smith, B. (2010). Risk factors for posttraumatic stress disorder among deployed US male marines. BMC Psychiatry, 10(1): 52. Vogt, D. S., Tanner, L. R. (2007). Risk and resilience factors for posttraumatic stress symptomatology in Gulf War I veterans. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 20(1): 27-38.

Comparing the Role of the Black in the South in Clotelle and Absalom, A

Role of the Black in the Southern Family as Evidenced in Clotelle and Absalom,   Absalom!  Ã‚  Ã‚        Ã‚   Southern Literature, more than anything else, is a discussion of the family. And in the family, particularly the Southern family, no question is as pivotal--or causes as many disputes--as "who belongs?" Southern Literature has been, in many ways, a canon of exclusion. From a culture built upon controlling and utilizing an entire race for the express purpose of advancing another, a canon of yearning and despair is left. And in no place is this as clear as within the family, the unit by nature designed to nurture and support--and ultimately overcome. Stereotypically, the family longed for by every Southerner is one of impeccable repute, a white triumph, clean of any African blood, with a heritage predating the Revolution and a lineage reaching beyond the next millennium. Clotelle, by William Wells Brown, is an appeal to the Southern ideal that African-Americans do not and can not fit into the traditional, lily-white aristocratic familial structure which ruled the South during his time--and reigned for many years thereafter. Traditional Southern canon emphasizes the Thomas Sutpens--of William Faulkner's Absalom, Absalom! --who ejects African-Americans from his family (as he attempts to create a new one), and men like the Sheriff of Charles W. Chesnutt's "The Sheriff's Children," who sells a pregnant slave--carrying his unborn mulatto child--into slavery. The advancement and protection of one's name is also highlighted by Sutpen and by Clara Hohlfelder in another Chesnutt tale, "Her Virginia Mammy." These are ideals which Brown understands and resists, and tries--ultimately in vain--to defy. Clotelle does not adjust itself to the tr... ...ildren are born as a result--are disposed of as quietly as possible, in order to keep the familial superstructure as maximally pure as possible. A white man does not marry a slave, or make a respectable woman of her. He keeps her and his child in a shed outside of town, he sends them to New Orleans, or sells them to the rice swamps to toil under the whip for the remainder of their lives. Southern literature excludes the African-American from its families, thus robbing her of her identity and forcing her to become a mere brick in the base below the superstructure. Works Cited Brown, William Wells. Clotelle. Miami: Mnemosyne Publishing, 1969. Chesnutt, Charles W. "Her Virginia Mammy" and "The Sheriff's Children." Collected Stories of Charles W. Chesnutt. New York: Penguin, 1992. 114-148. Faulkner, William. Absalom, Absalom! New York: Vintage, 1990.   

Rating Systems for Films Essay

Movies have been around since the 1890’s for entertainment, artistic brilliance, enlightenment and historical record. During that time period parents would take their children to the movies they thought were rated PG but found content in the films to adult for their children’s eyes and were outraged. Then later on different religious groups started protesting cinemas due to their explicit content full of sex and violence. So avoid censorship picture producers had to form their own rating guidelines. Motion Picture Producers and Distributors Association of America In the early 1920’s filmmakers began to realize that the clean movies they were producing no longer interested America so they began adding more sex and violence into their movies. In 1922, the presidents from major motion picture studios which were Samuel Goldwyn, Louis B. Mayer, Jesse Lasky and Joseph Schenck made the Motion Picture Producers and Distributors Association of America to stop censorship from the government, rating and safeguarding the movies that were made. The portrayal of sex and violence in cinema began to threaten the morality in America, in the 1930’s Motion Picture Producers and Distributors Association of America made a strict set of guidelines called the Production Code, which followed movie content for two decades (Doherty). â€Å"The Production Code stayed in place and was reasonably effective for the next 30 years or so until it was replaced by the rating system we have today†. (Censorship in Hollywood) Moviemakers had to tailor their films to fit the requirements of the production code or have their movie banned from being played. Since the Motion Picture Producers and Distributors Association of America wanted to self-censor all movies that were made, they had to submit all movies made for approval before they were distributed. In 1945, the creator of The Production Code, William hays was succeeded from the role of president by Eric Johnson. During Johnson Presidency he â€Å"added to his mission the promotion of American films, which were gaining in popularity overseas in the post-World War II era.†(MPPA) Later Johnsons changed the organization to â€Å"The Motion Picture Association of America.† Then when Johnson died the MPPA’s presidency was empty for about three years. In the late 1960’s cinema  started to change. New types of filmmaking and filmmakers from different countries started to take place in America. Since America started expanding the society’s freedom and the way of life, the MPPA’s strict self-regulation censorship wouldn’t last. In 1966, Jack Valenti was named MPAA President and many revisions were made to the Hays Code since America was changing social mores. Jack Valenti â€Å"founded the voluntary film rating system giving creative and artistic freedoms to filmmakers while fulfilling its core purpose of informing parents about the content of films so they can determine what movies are appropriate for their kids.†(MPPA) Now the MPPA gets the help of multiple parents to see which content fits in each category. What each rating means Each movie is rated and put into one of the five different categories depending on what content is being portrayed in each different film. Films are even sometimes labeled under the â€Å"Not yet Rated† category because the MPPA has yet to rate the film. â€Å"G- General Audiences. All Ages Admitted† means it contains no type of language, nudity, sex, violence or anything that would offend parents of young children. â€Å"PG — Parental Guidance Suggested. Some Material May Not Be Suitable for Children.† Means that it should be looked over and approved by parents before letting their children attend. There may be some content with brief profanity, violence and or nudity. There’s no drug use and minimal themes call for parent supervision. â€Å"PG-13 — Parents Strongly Cautioned. Some Material May Be Inappropriate For Children Under 13.† Means parents should determine whether or not their children under 13 should view this movie. There may be violence but not realistic. Minimal language and drug use and there may be brief nudity but nothing sexual. â€Å"A PG-13 motion picture may go beyond the PG rating in theme, violence, nudity, sensuality, language, adult activities or other elements, but does not reach the restricted R category†(MPPA) â€Å"R — Restricted. Children Under 17 Require Accompanying Parent or Adult Guardian.† Means it may include adult themes, language, intense violence, sexually-oriented nudity, drug abuse and other graphic content. Children under than 17 not allowed and parents are advised not to bring their children. â€Å"NC-17 — No One 17 and Under Admitted.† Means no one under 17 admitted. Parents consider this movie to adult like. The content is only  appropriate for adult audience. Studies from Harvard University of health show that the MPPA allows more violent and explicit content then they have before, saying that â€Å"movie raters have grown more lenient in their standards.† (Waxman) The study shows that MPPA ratings have vague and confusing descriptions on what content is actually showing. Some of the ratings depending on content still haven’t changed â€Å"a movie rated PG or PG-13 today has more sexual or violent content than a similarly rated movie in the past.† (Waxman) Movie ratings changed depending on what society views as acceptable content in each rating. For example, â€Å"Disney’s 1994 movie †The Santa Clause† was rated PG, while the 2002 sequel, †The Santa Clause 2,† which had comparable content, was rated G. (Waxman) Rich Taylor, a spokesman from the MPPA says that â€Å"the standards for judging acceptable depictions of sex and violence in American society were constantly changing, and that it would not be surprising if that changed for movie ratings as well.†(Waxman) Overall the rating system was made to avoid censorship from the government and for the MPPA to have freedom to rate their movies. If it wasn’t for the outraged parents and all the protesting against cinema the rating system might not have been the same. Though the current rating system today allows more sex and violence into PG and PG-13 movies it’s only based on the judging system from society. â€Å"Motion Pictures and Their Impact on Society in the Year 2001.† MIDCONTINENT PERSPECTIVES: Midwest Research Institute Kansas City, Missouri. April 25, 1978. Web. December 9th 2012 The Numbers Guy. â€Å"Let’s Rate the Ranking Systems of Film Reviews† Wall Street Journal. January (2009) Web. December 9th 2012 Tickle, Jennifer, etal. â€Å"Tobacco, Alcohol, and Other Risk Behaviors in Film: How Well Do MPAA Ratings Distinguish Content?† December, 1 2011. Web. December 10th 2012 Waxman, Sharon. â€Å"Study Finds Film Ratings Are Growing More Lenient† NY Times. Web July 14th 2004 December 9th 2012 Wilson, Barbara J. â€Å"What’s Wrong with the Ratings† 2002. Web. December 13th 2012