Analysis Of The Movie Interstellar - 758 Words

â€Å"Interstellar† (Obst, Thomas Nolan, 2014) a great science fiction story with so various elements. Escorts us traveling through wormholes, into planets in other galaxies, and black holes. The characters keep colliding into the effects of relativity, which thoroughly explained in numerous scenarios. A story about love and family, but there happens to be a villain, whose actions result in shocking consequences for the other characters. There’s a great deal of emotion expressed by the character, which makes a great impact on how the film’s viewed. The movie will take place sometime in the future where the earth is slowly becoming uninhabitable for the reason of a global crop plague in addition to a second dust bowl occurring. The science†¦show more content†¦Imagine leaving your young child and coming back after an interstellar expedition trip and your child, now aged and lying in a hospital bed. While it only seemed only a couple days for the parent, the child waited a life time. That’s what Cooper, the main actor of the movie, and Murphy, the daughter of Cooper, went through. The emotional scene when Murphy was lying on a hospital bed, Cooper asked Murphy how did she know he was coming back. Murphy replied, â€Å"Because my father promised me he would.† He replied, â€Å"I’m here now, I’m here† and she ends it by saying, â€Å"No, no parent should have to watch their own child die (Obst, Thomas Nolan, 2014).† That’s how â€Å"Interstellar† (Obst, Thomas Nolan, 2014) was trying to express how astrophysics works also how time is when traveling from galaxy to galaxy. Finally, heading back to why this entire trip happened in the first place. Earth was slowly dying, crops were not making it through the seasons along with a dust bowl existing during the time. NASA no longer exists, all but for one space station. The Earth is in an unhealthy condition and the people were the cause of it. That right there is a glimpse of how it could end up, therefore, the only possible way to live was to find a new planet to live on. Establishes an idea about how it is on a daily basis, such as wearing face masks when the dust comes around, making sure the doors and all windows stay shutShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of The Movie Interstellar728 Words   |  3 Pagesâ€Å"Interstellar† is the name of a movie that relates to this environmental course. Interstellar is defined as â€Å"space between stars within a galaxy† (collinsdictionary.com). The idea of this movie was to see where in this world are humans able to survive. There were a few main characters i n which the movie had. There was the main character name Cooper, whom did all of the exploring in the movie. Coopers daughter Murphy, Professor Brand, Brands daughter, Mann, and Romilly. These names might make no senseRead MoreAnalysis Of The Movie Interstellar 1004 Words   |  5 PagesThe movie â€Å"Interstellar† takes place in a vast, desert of a land which is barely recognizable as the planet, Earth. America suffers severely from famine, dust storms, and lack of advanced technology. Due to a previous accident, as well as with the worldwide food shortage, Cooper, a former NASA pilot, now works as a farmer to produce the only food left in the world. His adventure begins when his brilliant daughter, Murphy, stumbles upon coordinates to NASA’s secret headquarters. Upon their arrivalRead MoreAnalysis Of The Movie Interstellar 2117 Words   |  9 PagesInterstellar Let yourself be transported to the future where drought, famine and disasters run rampant on Earth. The only way to ensure that the people of Earth survive is a journey into the depths of space. A story of survival, hardships, and triumph this is Interstellar. This film was directed by Christopher Nolan in 2014. To fully understand how this film uses the fundamentals of moviemaking to make a complete and complex film I will be discussing the elements of narrative, mise en scene, cinematographyRead MoreAnalysis Of The Movie Interstellar By Christopher Nolan Essay3252 Words   |  14 PagesInterstellar by Christopher Nolan, 2014. Did you know that Interstellar was filmed without a green screen? They brought in real spaceship pieces and built their own set to make it seem more real and try to keep the audience hooked. Christopher Nolan was a splendid director for Interstellar. From the movie Interstellar, he won the Empire Award for Best Director. Some of the main characters are: Cooper (Matthew McConaughey), Murph (little girl: Mackenzie Foy), Tom (boy: Timothee Chalamet), Donald (JohnRead MoreThe Influence Of Theatrical Media On College Life1226 Words   |  5 Pageswanted something to do during my time. I developed positivity, resources, and character through my college journey. I look at this journey as a developing and purposeful time in my transition to adulthood. These four years in college can be seen as a movie for some individuals. Similarly, movies also try to convey specific issues and ideals. There are lessons, ethics, and ideals that may be learned by watching movies. Theatrical media is open fo r diverse interpretations of the content and may also learnRead MoreAnalysis Of Hans Zimmer s Interstellar 1310 Words   |  6 Pageswell as improve the emotional impact of certain scenes. In this paper, we perform a critical analysis of Hans Zimmers Interstellar soundtrack. Hans Zimmer’s Interstellar soundtrack Hans Zimmer’s score for the Interstellar soundtrack has been considered incredibly unique and aplicable to the movie itself. In fact, the movie’s producer, Nolan said that â€Å"I believe that Hans score for Interstellar has the tightest bond between music and image that we ve yet achieved. The soundtrack wasRead MoreThe Controversy Regarding The Utilization Of Nuclear Energy1734 Words   |  7 Pagesin Fort Calhoun, when operating at full capacity, is apt to sustain almost five-hundred megawatts of electricity per hour. The largest, situated in Palo Verde, Arizona, produces almost four-thousand megawatts per hour (Independent Statistics and Analysis). As the average American household consumes an estimated one kilowatt across the span of one month, the average nuclear reactor generates enough electricity to power almost one million households in a given year. â€Å"†¦the fission of an atom of uraniumRead MoreWhere is everybody An exploration of the Fermi Par adox2504 Words   |  11 Pagesbroadcasting at this frequency. [2] Extraterrestrial civilizations may have no wish to communicate with us. In the wild, creatures do not necessarily want to be found. Many in fact evolve mechanisms to hide. A noisy planet may put itself at risk of interstellar predators. Human beings certainly make no effort to mask our footprints; constant probes and signals emanate from planet Earth in hope of satisfying our insatiable curiosity and relieving our stellar loneliness, but there is no reason to believe

Birth Control Theory Essay - 1220 Words

In 1798, Thomas Malthus started the slow trend toward socially acceptable birth control practices in Great Britain, when he published his book, An Essay on the Principle of Population. Malthus studied the birth rates of animals and found that creatures tend to have more offspring than they can raise. He argued that the control of national birth rates inevitably improved living conditions for city dwellers. Malthus felt that celibacy and controlling the number of children families produced were the best methods to lower national birth rates. In the Nineteenth Century British suffragists started discussing the use of birth control in the planning of motherhood. Early suffragists recommended that women either abstain from sex or use the†¦show more content†¦The Scientific Revolution of the Seventeenth Century and the Enlightenment of the Eighteenth Century encouraged the belief that women belonged in the home. Male scientists argued that men and women differed both anatomic ally and mentally. Scientists felt that women were the physically weaker of the sexes which caused ladies to be mentally immature, irrational, and lack modesty. The early Nineteenth Century British female philosopher, Mary Wollstonecraft argued that women had the ability to reason and needed to be educated in order to become accomplished mothers and wives. Her 1792 book, Vindication of the Rights of Women, reinforced the place of women in the private sphere. The private sphere discouraged women from using birth control methods to prevent motherhood. During the First World War, women took on roles in society that were once solely occupied by men. Prior to 1918 women could not vote. After years of Struggle, in 1918 women gained the right to vote. In First World War women took on traditional masculine roles like working in heavy industry. The untraditional responsibilities women acquired during the war changed the way women responded to the concept of family. After the war, women needed to assume new roles outside of motherhood to compensate for men that did not return from battle. Dr. Marie Stopes was a scientist in the early Twentieth Century. She argued in her book, Birth Control and Other Writings, Volume 1, that men and women would beShow MoreRelatedReverend Thomas, Robert Malthus969 Words   |  4 Pageswas a political/classical economist born in the late 1760’s. He studied at several different schools in the areas of mathematics, literature, and arts. Malthus was married in the early 1800’s and had three chi ldren. Malthus is most famous for his theories on population growth and how he proposed we go about controlling it. He later died in the 1830’s at the age of 68. Childhood and Education Thomas Malthus, more commonly called Robert, was born near Guildford, Surrey, England. His parents, DanielRead MoreCritical Examination of Malthusian Theory of Population Essay986 Words   |  4 Pagesat Haileybury College of the East Indian Company. He was a philosopher of 19th century. He lived his life from 1766 to 1834 AD. After writing an essay on the Principle of Population in 1805 AD, he became popular in the history of population studies. In his essay which later on became a very famous theory by the name Malthusian Theory. In the theory, he has drawn some assumptions such as: ol li value=1 Human beings have great potentialities to produce children li value=2 In agricultureRead MoreOutline Malthus’s Theory of Population and Access His Contribution to the Reform of the Poor Laws in 1834.1580 Words   |  7 Pageslife, Malthus wrote many books and essays and his writings can be split into two periods. In the first period his writings dealt with the unrest of labour and attempts to restructure society to promote the welfare of the worker. In the second period from 1814 onwards, his writings dealt more with the corn laws and the problems between the landlords and capitalists. This essay will explain why his first essay on the theory of population in 1798 and his second essay in 1803 were written, what theyRead MoreMargaret Sanger And The Birth Control Movement Highlighted1187 Words   |  5 PagesMargaret Sanger and the Birth Control Movement highlighted a variety of important issues. These issues include women’s right to make decisions privately versus the right of a community to regulate moral behavior; the ethn ic demographics of the American people; the ability of women to control their own physical destinies by limiting family size; and the idea that small families were the way to keep the American dream alive. The debate over birth control spoke to personal and political issues, whichRead MoreEssay on Autism Spectrum Disorder: What Does the Diagnosis Mean?1630 Words   |  7 Pagesshould be. Many people have heard the work autism, but could not define it if asked. Two essays I recently came across, â€Å"Joey: A ‘Mechanical Boy’† written by Bruno Bettelheim and â€Å"Thinking in Pictures†, written by Temple Grandin, share the common topic at hand, autism. Both essays talk about the struggles autism brings to not only the one diagnosed with the disability, but those around him or her. Also, the essays also explore on how those with autism are treated and looked at differently. AutismRead MoreThe Cognitive Response Theory On Birth Control1222 Words   |  5 Pagesthe goal of this research project, the cognitive response theory was used and is being provided to divide this chapter into three major sections. The first section provides an exclusive look into the evolution of birth control and its comparison of the contraception methods used in the 20th century vs. today’s current 21st century. A second section focuses on the use of advertising to promote birth control and the effectiveness of birth control and does it truly work. While the third section concludesRead MoreIs Child Development Best Described as Gradual Change, or as a Series of Stages?1277 Words   |  6 PagesPSY1011/1111 Essay cover sheet Essay Title: Is child development best described as gradual change, or as a series of stages? Student number: M00330526 Word count (Excluding title and references section): 1076 Declaration By submitting this work I acknowledge that I am its author, that all sources consulted in its preparation are referenced appropriately in accordance with the referencing guide, and that I have not copied from any source. The development of children occursRead MoreEssay The First Two Years of Life1427 Words   |  6 Pagesyears after birth, through the developing person has to do with three domains biosocial, cognitive and psychosocial. There are many different theories regarding the first two years. The three most influential works on growth and development was done by Piaget, Freud and Erikson. Piaget’s theory was called cognitive development or the sensorimotor stage. This is when the child interacts with his surroundings through physical action such as pushing, sucking, grabbing, etc. Freud’s theory of developmentRead MoreRole Of Family Identified By Functionalist Theory And Marxist Theory1203 Words   |  5 Pagesfunction of the family in society is often discussed and debated. As a result, there are various theories developed which include functionalist theory, feminist theory and Marxist theory (Mary Maynard, 2000) and each theory has explained a number of roles played by family, both positive and negative. This essay will briefly illustrate three traditional roles of family identified by functionalist theory and discuss whether the role of family has changed in the current society. Before we can moveRead More Thomas Malthuss overpopulation theory Essay1171 Words   |  5 Pages A little over two hundred years ago a man by the name of Thomas Malthus wrote a document entitled â€Å"An Essay on the Principle of Population† which essentially stated that there is an imbalance between our ability to produce food and our ability to produce children. He said human beings are far better at making babies than they are at finding food for survival. His entire essay is based on these two assumptions. â€Å" First, That food is necessary to the existence of man. And second, that the passion

Fracking Causing More Harm Than Good Essay Example For Students

Fracking: Causing More Harm Than Good Essay If the question: â€Å"what hydraulic fracturing or fracking is?† was asked to the average person, depending on their location their answer could vary. Most likely though most or many people would not know what Fracking truly is but most would say that they have heard at least a little about it from the news. Hydraulic fracturing also known as fracking is a process that occurs after well has been drilled or bored, and the process through use of a perforated casing that injects fracking fluid which travels through the holes and to target zones and soon when the target zones can’t absorb the fluid and pressure is created causing natural gas or oil to flow up to the surface (Hydraulic Fracturing 101). â€Å"Hydraulic fracturing (aka fracking) stimulates wells drilled into these formations, making profitable otherwise prohibitively expensive extraction; geological formations may contain large quantities of oil or gas† (Hydraulic Fracturing 101). Hydraulic fracturing though profitable is impacting the environment in negative ways but the U. S. government and fuel companies choose to deny that it is. It uses massive amounts of water, causes water pollution, and if we become dependent on its economic gains we could end up like countries such as Saudi Arabia.Hydraulic fracturing as stated before uses fracking fluid. An info graphic on â€Å"Average Fluid Composition for US Shale Plays† shows that 99.2% of the fluid is water and the other . 79% are chemicals (Chemical Use in Hydraulic Fracturing).The other chemicals are Acid, Corrosion Inhibitor, friction reducer, Clay Control, cross linker, Scale Inhibitor, Breaker, Iron Control, Biocide, and Gellant.Now even though these chemicals are less than 1% of the fluid mixture they are still very harsh and toxic. .on.org. EarthWorks, n.d. Web. 24 Nov. 2013.Hydraulic Fracturing 101. EarthWorksAction.org. EarthWorks, n.d. Web. 24 Dec. 2013.United States. Enviromental Protection Agency. The Hydraulic Fracturing Water Cycle. United States Environmental Protection Agency, n.d. Web. 05 Dec. 2013.What Chemicals Are Used. FracFocus.org. Interstate Oil Gas Compact Commission/GroundWater Protection Council, n.d. Web. 06 Dec. 2013.Left Picture-Contamination from Fracking in Many Areas Sets Water Faucets on Fire. 2010. Photograph. The Film,Gasland The Missionary Oblates of Mary Immaculates Justice, Peace, and Integrity of Creation. Missionary Oblates of Mary Immaculate, 14 Sept. 2013. Web. 12 Dec. 2013.Right Picture-Thiessen, Mark. N.d. Photograph. Granville Summit, PA. National Geographic. By Katherine Hobson. National Geographic Society, 01 Apr. 2013. Web. 12 Dec. 2013.

Uttarakhand and Its History Essay Example

Uttarakhand and Its History Essay UTTARAKHAND Uttarakhand (Sanskrit: , Uttarakhan? am ? , Hindi: , Uttarakhan? ?), formerly Uttaranchal, is a state in the northern part of India. It is often referred to as the Land of Gods (Hindi: , Dev bhumi ? ) due to the many holy Hindu temples and cities found throughout the state, some of which are among Hinduisms most spiritual and auspicious places of pilgrimage and worship. Known for its natural beauty and wealth of theHimalayas, the Bhabhar and the Terai, the state was carved out of the Himalayan and adjoining north-western districts of Uttar Pradesh on 9 November 2000, becoming the 27th state of the Republic of India. [2] It borders the Tibet Autonomous Region on the north, Nepal on the east and the Indian states of Uttar Pradesh to the south, Haryana to the west and Himachal Pradesh to the north west. The region is traditionally referred to as Uttarakhand in Hindu scriptures and old literature, a term which derives from Sanskrit uttara ( meaning north, and kha ( ) meaning country or part of a country. It has an area of 20,682 sq mi (53,566 km? ). In January 2007, the name of the state was officially changed from Uttaranchal, its interim name, to Uttarakhand. The provisional capital of Uttarakhand is Dehradun, which is also a rail-head and the largest city in the region. The small hamlet of Gairsain has been mooted as the future capital owing to its g eographic centrality but controversies and lack of resources have led Dehradun to remain provisional capital. We will write a custom essay sample on Uttarakhand and Its History specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Uttarakhand and Its History specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Uttarakhand and Its History specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The High Court of the state is in Nainital. Recent developments in the region include initiatives by the state government to capitalise on handloom and handicrafts, the burgeoning tourist trade as well as tax incentives to lure high-tech industry to the state. The state also has big-dam projects, controversial and often criticised in India, such as the very large Tehri dam on the Bhagirathi-Bhilangana rivers, conceived in 1953, the phase one of which has already been completed. 3] Uttarakhand is also well known as the birthplace of the Chipko environmental movement,[4] and other social movements including the mass agitation in the 1990s that led to its formation. Main article: History of Uttarakhand Ancient History The king of mountains Himalaya is said to consist of five segments i. e. , Nepal Kurmanchal, Kedar, Kangda and Ruchir Kashmir. This Mid Himalayan region ofGarhwal and Kumaon, which is commonly known as Uttarakhand today was called by the name KEDARKHAND and MANASKHAND in t he Purans. According to the famous Historian Mr. Shiv Prasasd Dabral taking the word Uttarapad andkhand from Kedarkhand formed the term Uttaranchal. This mountain region however is the same, which was once renowned in its snow-covered form during the Vedic era and sang the saga of glorious deeds of the kings, Saints and Ascetics of the time. It was referred to as Uttarpanchal by the compilers of the Upnishads, Uttarkaushal by Valmiki and Uttarkuru by Ved Vyasa who wrote the epic Mahabharata. It is the same place that was Uattarapatti for Panini and Kautilya; Kiratmandal for Kirats, Khashadesh for the Khas, Kartipur for Katayurs. It was Parvatkaran and Giryavali for the early historian and Uttaranchal or Uttarakhand of the present day politicians. The different parts of the Uttarakhand have been referred to asIlawarat, Brahmpur, Rudrahimalaya, Sapaldaksh, Shivalik, Kurmanchat Karajat Kamaugarh, Kamadesh, Kumaon, SarkarI and Garhwal lover the past 3000 years. The western part of this region that comprising of 52 fortresses has been referred to as Garhwal over past 500 years. Samprat, Chamoli, Pauri, Uttarkashi and Dehradun add to the pristine beauty of the Garhwal region. The eastern region comprising of Almora, Nainital and Pithoragarh districts together known as the Kumaon region. On account of security reason the government has for the past four decades considered only Chamoli and Pithoragarh districts as Uttaranchal, but for the residents of the Uttaranchal this entire hilly region covers an area of 51,125 sq. km and comprising of 15,951 villages, 89 developmental segments and some adjoining plains as signal geographic social and cultural Unit. The history of Uttaranchal State can be better understood through the history of Garhwal and Kumaon divisions separately, because they maintained independent identity except the period of Nepali aggression. Garhwal The Garhwal Himalayas have nurtured civilization from the wee hours of history. It appears to have been a favorite locale for the voluminous mythology of the Puranic period. The traditionai name of Garhwal was Uttarakhand and excavations have revealed that it formed part of the Mauryan Empire. It also finds mention in the 7th-century travelogue of Huen Tsang. However, it is with Adi Shankaracharya that the name of Garhwal will always be lhiked, for the great 8th-century spiritual reformer visited the remote, snow-laden heights of Garhwal, established a math Joshimath) and resorted some of the most sacred shrines, including Badrinath and Kedarnath. The history of Garhwal as one unified whole began in the 15th century, when king Ajai Pal merged the-52 separate principalities, each with its own garh or fortress. For 300 years, Garhwal remained one kingdom, with its capital at Srinagar (on the left bank of Alaknanda river). Then Pauri and Dehradun were perforce ceded to the Crown as payment for British help, rendered to the Garhwalis during the Gurkha invasion, in the early 19th century. Kumaon Humankind has been around in Kumaon for a very long time. Evidences of Stone Age settlements have been found in Kumaon, particularly the rock shelter at Lakhu Udyar. The paintings here date back to the Mesolithic period. The early medieval history of Kumaon is the history of the Katyuri dynasty. The Katyuri kings ruled from the seventh to the 11 th century, holding sway at the peak of their powers over large areas of Kumaon, Garhwal, and western Nepal. The town of Baijnath near Almora was the capital of this dynasty and a center of the arts. Temple building flourished under the Katyuris and the main architectural innovation introduced by them was the replacement of bricks with stone. On a hilltop facing east (opposite Almora), is the temple of Katarmal. This 900-year-old sun temple was built during the declining years of the Katyuri dynasty. The intricately carved doors and panels have been removed to the National Museum in Delhi as a protective measure after the 10th-century idol of the presiding deity was stolen. After an interregnum of a couple of centuries, the Chands of Pithoragarh became the dominant dynasty. The Chand rulers built the magnificent temple complex at Jageshwar, with its cluster of a hundred and sixty-four temples, over a span of two centuries. Dedicated to Lord Shiva, the evocative carvings are complemented by the beautiful deodar forest around it. [edit]Geography Main article: Geography of Uttarakhand Uttarakhand has a total geographic area of 51,125 km? , of which 93% is mountainous and 64% is covered by forest. Most of the northern parts of the state are part of Greater Himalaya ranges, covered by the high Himalayan peaks and glaciers, while the lower foothills were densely forested till denuded by the British log merchants and later, after independence, by forest contractors. Recent efforts in reforestation, however, have restored the situation to some extent. The Himalayan ecosystem plays host to a large number of animals (including bharal, snow leopards, leopards and tigers), plants and rare herbs. Two of Indias largest rivers, the Ganges and the Yamuna originate in the glaciers of Uttarakhand, and are fed by myriad lakes, glacial melts and streams in the region. [17] Uttarakhand lies on the southern slope of the Himalaya range, and the climate and vegetation vary greatly with elevation, from glaciers at the highest elevations to subtropical forests at the lower elevations. The highest elevations are covered by ice and bare rock. Below them, between 3,000 and 5,000 metres (9,800 and 16,000 ft) are montane grasslands and shrublands: the western Himalayan alpine shrub and meadows. Temperate coniferous forests, the western Himalayan subalpine conifer forests, grow just below the tree line. At 3,000 to 2,600 metres (9,800 to 8,500 ft) elevation they transition to the temperate western Himalayan broadleaf forests, which lie in a belt from 2,600 to 1,500 metres (8,500 to 4,900 ft) elevation. Below 1,500 metres (4,900 ft) elevation lie the Himalayan subtropical pine forests. The Upper Gangetic Plains moist deciduous forests and the drier Terai-Duar savanna and grasslands cover the lowlands along the Uttar Pradesh border. This belt is locally known as Bhabhar. These lowland forests have mostly been cleared for agriculture, but a few pockets remain. [18] Indian National Parks in Uttarakhand include the Jim Corbett National Park (the oldest national park of India) at Ramnagar in Nainital District, Valley of Flowers National Park and Nanda Devi National Park in Chamoli District, which together are a UNESCO World Heritage Site, Rajaji National Park in Haridwar District, and Govind Pashu Vihar National Park and Gangotri National Park in Uttarkashi District. [show]Population Growth According to 2001 India census, Uttarakhand had a population of approximately . 48 million. A population exceeding 10 million is expected by the next census of 2011. The native people of Uttarakhand are generally called eitherKumaoni or Garhwali depending on their place of origin in either the Garhwal or Kumaon region. Another well known category is Gujjar, they were the rulers of a kingdom with capital at Landhaura and which covered the whole of todays Haridwar Distr ict. Gujjars King Raja Ramdayal Singh Panwar had helped the Tehri ruler against the Gorkhas and the Present MLA from Laksar in Haridwar is Kunwar Pranav Singh Champion is the descendant of that King. Gujjar is a dominant community of Haridwar District. Kumaoni and Garhwali dialects of Central Pahari are spoken in Kumaon and Garhwal region respectively. Jaunsari andBhotiya dialects are also spoken by tribal communities in the west and north respectively. The urban population however converses mostly in Hindi. Sanskrit has also official status in the state. Hindus form the majority of the population at 85. 0%, Muslims form 10. 5%, Sikhs 2. 5% and Christians, Buddhists, Jains and others about 0. 5%. It has male-female ratio of . 964 and has a literacy rate of 72%. The largest cities in the state include Dehradun (530,263), Haridwar (220,767), Haldwani (158,896),Roorkee (115,278) and Rudrapur (88,720). The state government recognizes 15,620 villages and 81 cities and urban areas. Historians of Kumaon and Garhwal say that in the beginning there were only three castes: Rajput, Brahmin and Shilpkar. Main occupation of Rajput wereZamindari and law enforcement. Occupation of Brahmins were to perform religious rituals in temples and religious occasions. Shilpkar were mainly working for rajputs, in their lands and were expert in handcrafts. The famous surnames Kalakoti, Chauhan, Bisht, Bhayera, Nainwal, Rawat, Dhapola, Rautela and Negiare used by Rajputs. Bahuguna, Bhatt, Naithani are some of the famous Brahmin surname, having a university by the name of Bahuguna in Pauri district of Garhwal. According to a 2007 study, Uttarakhand has the highest percentage of brahmins of any community in India, with approximately 20% of the population being brahmin. [20] [edit]Government and politics The present Chief Minister of Government of Uttarakhand is Mr. Bhuwan Chandra Khanduri. He was appointed as the sixth Chief Minister of Uttarakhand. Governor Margaret Alva administered the oath of office and secrecy to Khanduri, who returns to the top post two years after he was removed by the party after it lost all the five Lok Sabha seats in the 2009 general elections. The last state elections in Uttarakhand were held on 21 February 2007. TheBharatiya Janata Party emerged as the largest party with 34 seats in the 70-seat Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly. One seat short of forming a majority, the BJP have had to rely on support from the Uttarakhand Kranti Dal and three independents to form the government. The Indian National Congress is the official opposition, holding 21 seats. [edit]Chief Ministers of Uttarakhand ?Nityanand Swami ?Bhagat Singh Koshiyari ?Narayan Dutt Tiwari ?B C Khanduri ?Ramesh Pokhriyal Nishank ?B C Khanduri [edit]Districts Districts of Uttarakhand Main article: Districts of Uttarakhand There are 14 districts in Uttarakhand which are grouped into two divisions, Kumaon and Garhwal. 4 more districts namely Didihat, Ranikhet, Kotdwar and Yamunotri were declared by the then CM of Uttarakhand, Ramesh Pokhariyal on 15 Aug 2011. However, these districts have NOT been created yet. The Kumaon division includes Six districts. ?Almora ?Bageshwar ?Champawat ?Nainital ?Pithoragarh ?Udham Singh Nagar Proposed Districts ?Didihat to be carved out from Pithoragarh ?Ranikhet to be carved out from Almora district The Garhwal division includes Seven districts. ?Dehradun ?Haridwar ?Tehri Garhwal ?Uttarkashi ?Chamoli ?Pauri Garhwal (commonly known as Garhwal) ?Rudraprayag Proposed Districts ?Kotdwar to be carved out from Pauri district ?Yamunotri to be carved out from Uttarkashi Four new districts were announced to be formed by the Chief Minister in his Independence Day speech, namely Kotdwar, Yamunotri, Didihat and Ranikhet. The total number of districts in the state will go up to 17. Bhuwan Chandra Khanduri is new chief minister of Uttrakhand. Khanduri take a oath on 11 september 2011. Ramesh pokhariyal resign from the post on the day 11 sept 2011. Now B. C. Khanduri is th 6th Chief minister of Uttrakhanad. [edit]Important cities CityPopulationDistrict Dehradun 7,78,593Dehradun Haridwar 3,24,372Haridwar Haldwani 2,76,942Nainital Roorkee 2,52,784Haridwar Kashipur 1,81,208Udham Singh Nagar Kotdwara 1,16,497Kotdwara Rudrapur 119281Udham Singh Nagar Rishikesh 75,020Dehradun(Mainly in Dehradun)/(Partly in)Haridwar/Tehri/Pauri Grahwal Pithoragarh 66378Pithoragrah Manglaur 65267Haridwar Ramnagar 47099Nainital Nainital 38560Nainital Almora 30613Almora Mussoorie 26069Dehradun Pauri 25400Pauri Garhwal Srinagar 19861Pauri Garhwal Gopeshwar 19855Chamoli Ranikhet 19049Almora Uttarkashi 16220 (2001)Uttarkashi Tanakpur 15810Champawat Khatima 14378Udham Singh Nagar Vikasnagar 12485Dehradun Bageshwar 7803Bageshwar Banbasa 7138Champawat District Karanprayag 6976Chamoli Champawat 3958Champawat Bhuwan Rudraprayag 2242Rudraprayag Devprayag 2144Pauri Garhwal Dharchula(District Pithoragarh) [edit]Economy The size of Uttarakhands Economy as measured by its Gross State Domestic Product (GSDP) for 2011 (Financial year ending March 2011) is estimated at 775. 8 billion in current prices. Born out of the division of Uttar Pradesh, the new state of Uttarakhand produces about 12% of the output of the old Uttar Pradesh state. Consolidated Finvest and Holdings, a SP CNX 500 conglomerate has its corporate office in Uttarakhand. It reported a gross income of 137 million for 2005. [citation needed] In 2003, a new industrial policy for the state with generous tax benefits for investors was initiated that has led to a massive upsurge of capital investment. SIDCUL, the State Industrial Development Corporation of Uttarakhand has established seven industrial estates in the southern periphery of the state, while dozens of hydroelectric dams are being built in the upper reaches. However, hill development remains an uphill challenge as out migration of local peoples continues from the highland hinterlands. edit]Transport Uttarakhand is well connected with Rail, Road and Air modes of transport [edit]Airports ?Jolly Grant Airport (Dehradun) ?Pantnagar Airport (Pantnagar) ?Naini-Saini (Pithoragarh) ?Uttarkashi ?Gochar (Chamoli) ?Agastyamuni (Heliport) (Rudraprayag) [edit]Tourism Leisure, adventure, and religious tourism play a prominent role in Uttarakhands economy, with theCorbett National Park and Tiger Reserve and th e nearby hill-stations of Nainital, Mussoorie, Almora,Kausani, Bhimtal and Ranikhet being amongst the most frequented destinations of India. The state also contains numerous peaks of interest to mountaineers, although Nanda Devi, the highest and best-known of these, has been off-limits since 1982. Other national wonders include the Valley of Flowers, which along with Nanda Devi National Park, form a UNESCO World Heritage Site. To Uttarakhand, long called abode of the gods (Devbhumi), belong some of the holiest Hindu shrines, and for more than a thousand years, pilgrims have been visiting the region in the hopes of salvation and purification from sin. Gangotri and Yamunotri, the sources of both the Ganges andYamuna fall in the upper reaches of the state and together with Badrinath (dedicated to Vishnu) andKedarnath (dedicated to Shiva) form the Char Dham, one of Hinduisms most spiritual and auspicious pilgrimage circuits. Haridwar, meaning Gateway to God is a prime Hindu destination. Haridwar hosts the Kumbha Mela every twelve years, in which millions of pilgrims take part from all parts of the India and the world. Rishikesh near Haridwar is known as the preeminent yoga centre of India. The state has an abundance of temples and shrines, many dedicated to local deities or manifestations of Shiva and Durga, references to many of which can be found in Hindu scriptures and legends. [21] The architecture of most of these temples is typical of the region and slightly different from other parts of India. The ancient temples at Jageshwar (a complex of 124 temples in a deodar woodland) are historically the most prominent for their distinct architectural features. Uttarakhand is, however, a place of pilgrimage not only for the Hindus. Hemkund nested in the Himalayas is a prime pilgrimage center for the Sikhs. Tibetan Buddhism has also made itself felt with the recent reconstruction of Mindroling Monastery and its Buddha Stupa, touted as the worlds highest,[22] southwest of Dehradun. The state has always been a destination for mountaineering, hiking and rock climbing in India. A recent development in adventure tourism in the region has been white water rafting and other adventures sports. Eco tourism, agritourism and rural tourism have also found new grounds in many villages of the state. [edit]Education Uttarakhand is home to several important educational institutions, including the oldest engineering colleges in Asia, the Indian Institute of Technology atRoorkee and Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture Technology in Pantnagar. Other universities and institutes of prime importance include,Indian Military Academy in Dehradun, Forest Research Institute in Dehradun, Govind Ballabh Pant Engineering College in Pauri and Kumaon Engineering College, Dwarahat. Uttarakhand is home to several reputed and prestigious day and boarding schools including St. Josephs College Nainital), The Doon School (Dehradun),Welham Girls School (Dehradun), Welham Boys School (Dehradun), Marshall School (Dehradun), SelaQui International School (Dehradun), Brightlands(Dehradun), St. Josephs Academy (Dehradun), Woodstock School (Landour), St. Georges College (Mussoorie) Birla Vidya Mandir (Nainital), Sherwood College (Nainital), All Saints College (Nainital), St. Marys Convent (Nainital), Sainik School Ghorakhal near Bhowali and G D Birla Memorial School(Ranikhet). Several Indian luminaries have attended these schools including former prime ministers and film stars. Historically, Uttarakhand is believed to be the land where the Vedas and the Shastras were composed and the great epic, the Mahabharata, was written. Rishikesh is widely considered the Yoga capital of the world. [edit]Universities Garhwal and Kumaun Universities were founded in 1973 as part of the upsurge of regional sentiment that led to the Uttarakhand statehood. The most famous universities of Uttarakhand are: NameLocation Indian Institute of Management Kashipur Central UniversityKashipur Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee Central UniversityRoorkee National Institute of Technology Uttarakhand Central UniversitySrinagar Indian Institute of Remote Sensing Central UniversityDehradun All India Institute of Medical Sciences from 2012 Central UniversityRishikesh Dakpather Degree Collage HNB UniversityDakpather Indian Institute of Management from 2012Central UniversityKashipur Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture Technology State UniversityPantnagar Hemwati Nandan Bahuguna Garhwal University Central UniversityTehri Garhwal, Srinagar Pauri Govind Ballabh Pant Engineering College, Pauri Garhwal State Government Engineer CollegePauri Garhwal, Uttarakhand Kumaon Engineering College, Dwarahat State Government Engineer CollegeDwarahat, Almora, Uttarakhand Kumaun University State UniversityNainital and Almora Uttarakhand Technical University State UniversityDehradun Doon University State UniversityDehradun University of Petroleum and Energy Studies Private UniversityDehradun Himgiri Nabh Vishwavidyalaya (University in the Sky)Private UniversityDehradun Institute of Chartered Financial Analysts of India(ICFAI) Private UniversityDehradun Forest Research Institute Deemed UniversityDehradun Himalayan Institute of Hospital Trust Deemed UniversityDehradun Graphic Era UniversityDeemed UniversityDehradun Gurukul Kangri University Deemed UniversityHaridwar University of Patanjali (Patanjali Yogpeeth)Private UniversityHaridwar Dev Sanskrit Vishwavidyalaya Private UniversityHaridwar Uttarakhand Open University State UniversityHaldwani Gurukul Kangri UniversityHardwar Central Deemed UniversitySeemant Institute of Technology ,Pithoragarh(Uttarakhand Technical University)Sanctioned [edit]Leading colleges doon institute of engineering and technology (shyampur , rishikesh) ? Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee ?Indian Institute of Management Kashipur ?Govind Ballabh Pant Engineering College, Pauri Garhwal ?Kumaon Engineering College ?Indian Institute of Remote Sensing ?Forest Research Institute ?Indian Military Academy ?Indian Institute of Petroleum ?Rashtriya Indian Military College RIMC ?University of Petroleum and Energy St udies ?Dehradun Institute of Technology ?Hemwati Nandan Bahuguna Garhwal University [edit]Entertainment Industry Although the entertainment industry of Uttarakhand is in its infant stage, yet there is a rapid growth in terms of audio visual entertainment. The pure folk seems to be disappearing from villages, so is the younger generation. Still there are many options one can get close to the folk music. Recently, in the honor of all who gave Bedupako Baramaasa folk tune an international fame and also to make Uttarakhand folk available all around the world 24X7, an online radio, which is one of the only and very first on-line radio of Uttarakhand available on web, was created by the name of bedupako.