Erikson’s Stages of Development, Relating to the Great Santini Essay

Erikson’s Stages of Development, Relating to the Great Santini The Great Santini is about a father who is a great pilot in the military. He uses his military training to help him be a father; treating his children like recruits. He has a supportive wife, and four children, including Ben, the oldest. He commands his children and they must obey his every orders. Ben has a hard time dealing with his father and his need for acceptance. The movie focuses on his cluelessness to family life and being a father. Ben has a hard time succeeding through the stages of Erikson’s theory of psychosocial development, because his father’s authoritarian parenting styles keep him from progressing. Authoritarian parents are â€Å"parents who make arbitrary rules, expect unquestioned obedience from their children, punish transgressions, and value obedience to authority† (E. Wood, S. Wood, & Boyd, 2011, p. 261). During Erikson’s first stage, trust vs. mistrust, â€Å"infants learn to trust or mistrust depending on the degree and regularity of care, love, and affection provided by parents or caregivers† (Wood et al. 2011, p. 261). When playing a basketball game with his son, he resorts to pushing and shoving in order to win. Ben’s father tells him that no one in the family has ever beaten him in anything, then, Ben makes the last basket and beats his dad, his dad changes up the rules and makes him play for another basket, this time he begins to call his son a little girl and tells him he is nothing. Ben is unable to develop trust with his father, which will cause an unhealthy personality. Researchers have concluded, â€Å"Erikson’s theoretical propositions have had wide influences on understanding and further theorizing in areas of child development, adolescence, adulthood, and aging. Much child-rearing, educational, and clinical practice has also been influenced, either explicitly or implicitly, by his stage model of development† (Rosenthal, Gurney, & Moore, 1981). Ben is more harsh and rough on the outside, but soft and sensitive on the inside, because his father has not shown him love and compassion. His mother, who is loving and supportive, helps balance out his personality. Autonomy vs. shame and doubt is Erickson’s second stage, this stage is when â€Å"Children learn to express their will and independence, to exercise some control, and to make choices, if not, they experience shame and doubt† (Wood et al. , 2011, p. 261). Ben’s father holds such high standards that he must come out autonomy because his father has told him there is no other option. This also goes along with stage three, initiative vs. guilt, when â€Å" Children begin to initiate activities, to plan and undertake tasks, and to enjoy developing motor and other abilities. If not allowed to initiate or if made to feel stupid and considered a nuisance, they may develop a sense of guilt† (Wood et al. , 2011, p. 261). Ben has a great amount of pressure on him to be the best and do the best, he is afraid that he will not live up to his father’s expectations. When Ben had finally beat his father in the backyard basketball game, his father wanted him to win by two baskets instead of one, he was putting him down and telling his son he wasn’t good enough. His mother had to step in to support her son and says to her husband, â€Å"Don’t you talk to me like that! Now, he beat you and it was beautiful†(Carlinio, 1979). His mother helps him become initiative rather than his father who makes him feel guilty for not being good enough. Ben has major conflict in the stage of industry vs. inferiority, this is â€Å" Children develop industriousness and feel pride in accomplishing tasks, making things, and doing things. If not encouraged or if rebuffed by parents and teachers they may develop a sense of inferiority† (Wood et al. , 2011, p. 261). Ben has always been told to be the best; he is becoming a well-rounded boy on the outside because of his acceleration in sports and school. He takes a sense of pride in his work, but on the inside still doubts himself. He knows his father wants more from him, Ben knows he will never be able to be as good as his father. In the stage, identity vs. role confusion he is finally able to start caring about his wants more than his fathers. At his high school basketball game his father is screaming at him from the sidelines and he chooses not to listen and does what he thinks is best. He wins the game on his own and sees that he can do it without his father. The movie ends about the time that Ben is in the stage of a young adult, â€Å" Adolescents must make the transition from childhood to adulthood, establish an identity, develop a sense of self, and consider a future occupational identity. Otherwise, role confusion can result† (Wood et al. , 2011, p. 261). Ben is able to love his father after a night of his eighteenth birthday, when his father becomes extremely drunk, and lets down his guard, and makes a toast to his son, â€Å"I’d like to propose a toast, to my son. He is eighteen today. He has just ordered his first drink. Before he drinks it, I’d like to wish him a long life, a wife as fine as his mother, and a son as fine as he’s been. To my son† (Carlinio 1979). This shows Ben that his father loves and respects him. He is able to show compassion to his father, making it easier for him to show compassion to others. Because of Ben’s fathers authoritarian parenting styles and high demands, Ben has a hard time maturing through Erickson’s stages, but Ben is finally able to develop a sense of self. When watching The Great Santini, I noticed that Erikson’s psychosocial stages of development show through in Ben’s personality and self. Each stage Ben experiences, and depending on how he is treated, will affect the outcome of the person he will become. The reason people are not the same is because every one experiences different things during each stage, which makes every one different. Each person must work through the conflicts in each stage to become a healthy person, just like Ben does in the movie.

Accounts 18

Question One(25 marks) Based on module 7 – Budgeting Retail outlets purchase snowboards from Slopes Ltd. , throughout the year. However, in anticipation of late summer and early autumn purchases, outlets ramp up inventories from January through May. Outlets are billed when boards are ordered. Invoices are payable within 60 days. From past experience, Slopes’ accountant projects 20% of invoices are paid in the month invoiced, 50% are paid in the following month, and 30% of invoices are paid two months after the month of invoice. The average selling price per snowboard is $450. To meet demand, Slopes increases production from December through March, because the snowboards are produced a month prior to their projected sale. Direct materials are purchased in the month of production and are paid for during the following month (terms are payment in full within 30 days of the invoice date). Direct manufacturing labour and manufacturing overhead are paid monthly. Variable manufacturing overhead is incurred at the rate of $7 per direct manufacturing labour-hour. Variable marketing costs are driven by the number of sales visits. However, there are no sales visits during the months studied. Slopes, also incurred fixed manufacturing overhead costs of $5,500 per month and fixed non-manufacturing overhead costs of $2,500 per month. Projected Sales: January80 unitsApril100 units February120 unitsMay60 units March200 unitsJune40 units Direct Materials and Direct Manufacturing Labour Utilisation and Cost Unit per BoardPrice per UnitUnit Wood5$30Board feet Fiberglass6 5Yard Direct manufacturing labour5 25Hour The beginning cash balance for March, 2010, is $10,000. On June 1, 2009 Slopes had a cash crunch and borrowed $30,000 on a 6% one-year note with interest payable monthly. The note is due June 1, 2010. Using the information provided, you will need to determine whether Slopes will be in a position to pay off this short-term debt on June 1, 2010. Required a. Prepare a cash budget for the months of March through May 2010. Show supporting schedules for the calculation of receivable and payables. b. Will Slopes be in a position to pay off the $30,000 one-year note that is due on June 1, 2010? If not, what actions would you recommend to Slopes’ management? c. Suppose Slopes is interested in maintaining a minimum cash balance of $10,000. Will the company be able to maintain such a balance during all three months analysed? If not, suggest a suitable cash management strategy. Marking Criteria: Application of budgeting to question 1a 18 marks Application of budgeting to question 1b 3 marks Application of budgeting to question 1c 4 marks Question Two(25 marks) Based on module 8 – CVP Analysis Grace Inc manufactures and sells baby cots. For its 2011 budget, Grace Inc. estimated the following: Selling price $600 Net income after tax $650 000 Variable cost per cot $300 Income tax rate 30% Annual fixed costs $150 000 Unfortunately sales were not meeting expectations. Only 525 units had been sold in the first four months of the year at the established price and cost structure. The net income projection for 2011 would not be reached unless some action is taken. A management committee presented the following mutually exclusive alternatives to the CEO. (a) Reduce the selling price by $60. The sales organization forecasts that at this significantly reduced price, 4050 units can be sold during the remainder of the year. Total fixed costs and variable cost per unit will stay as budgeted. b) Lower variable cost per unit by $15 through the use of less expensive direct materials and slightly modified manufacturing techniques. The selling price will also be reduced by $45, and sales of 3300 units are expected for the remainder of the year. (c) Reduce fixed costs by $15 000 and lower the selling price by 5%. Variable cost per unit will be unchanged. Sales of 3000 units are expected for the remainder of the year. Required: (a) Determine the number of units that Grace Inc must sell (a) to break even and (b) to achieve its income objective using the current price and cost structure. b) Determine which alternative Grace Inc should select to maximise net income. Show your calculations. – Marking Criteria: Application of CVP to question 2a 9 marks Application and interpretation of CVP to question 2b 16 mar ks Question Three Based on module 8 – Costing in an entity(25 marks) Alex’s Fine Art Studio is a company offering art services. The owner Alex Touch has been contacted by the manager of Ruthven Cars Company who complained about the price charged for some art work. On the same day Alex was also contacted by the manager of Books Galore who was delighted with the work and the price charged. Alex uses a cost-based approach to pricing (billing) each job. Currently it uses a single direct-cost category (professional labour hours) and a single indirect-cost pool (general support). Indirect costs are allocated to jobs on the basis of professional labour-hours per job. Professional labour costs at Alex’s Fine Art Studio are $70 an hour. Indirect costs are allocated to jobs at $105 an hour. Total indirect costs in the most recent period were $21 000. The job files show the following: Professional Labour Ruthven Cars Company 104 hours Books Galore 96 hours Assume these two jobs were the only jobs completed in this period. ) – Required: (a) Compute the costs of the Ruthven Cars Company and Books Galore jobs using Alex’s existing job-costing system. (b) Alex asks his assistant to collect details on those costs in the $21 000 indirect cost pool that can be traced to each individual job. After analysis, Alex is able to reclassify $14 000 of the $21 000 as direc t costs: Other Direct Costs Ruthven Cars Company Books Galore Research support labour $1600 $3400 Computer time 500 1300 Travel and allowances 600 4400 Telephone/faxes 200 1000 Photocopying 250 750 Total $3150 $10 850 Recalculate for Alex the costs of each job using the six direct-cost pools and a single indirect cost pool. The single indirect cost pool would have $7000 of costs and would be allocated to each job using the professional-labour hours base. (c) Alex’s Fine Art Studio has two classifications of professional staff: artists and apprentices. Alex asks her assistant to examine the relative use of artists and apprentices on the recent Ruthven Cars Company and Books Galore jobs. The Ruthven Car Company job used 24 artist-hours and 80 apprentice-hours. The Books Galore job used 56 artist-hours and 40 apprentice-hours. Alex is curious as to how each job would have been costed if using separate direct cost rates for artists and apprentices and using separate indirect cost pools for artists and apprentices. For direct costs, the cost per artist hour is $100 and per apprentice hour is $50. For indirect costs, from the total indirect cost pool of $7000, $4600 is attributable to the activities of artists, and $2400 is attributable to the activities of apprentices. You are required to satisfy Alex’s curiosity by computing the costs for each job under this more refined costing system. (d) Complete a comparison of costing under the existing system and that of the more refined system. Which is better and why? Marking Criteria: Application of cost allocation principles to question 3a 6 marks Application of cost allocation principles to question 3b 8 marks Application of cost allocation principles to question 3c 8 marks Application of cost allocation principles to question 3d 3 marks Question Four(25 marks) Based on module 10 – Performance management Part A â€Å"Managers should be rewarded only on the basis of their performance measures, They should be paid no salary. † Do you agree? Explain. Part B Bob's Cellular Phone Company uses ROI to measure divisional performance. Annual ROI calculations for each division have traditionally employed the ending amount of invested capital along with annual operating income and net revenue. The Dupont method is generally used. The company's Phone Accessories Division had the following results for the last two years: 2010 ROI = ($2,000,000/$20,000,000) ? ($20,000,000/$10,000,000) = 0. 0 2011 ROI = ($2,400,000/$25,000,000) ? ($25,000,000/$15,000,000) = 0. 16 Corporate management was disappointed in the performance of the division for 2011, since it had made an additional investment in the division that was budgeted for a 23% ROI. Required: a. Discuss some factors that may have contributed to the decrease in ROI for 2011. b. Would there have been any substantial difference if average cap ital had been used? Marking Criteria: Discussion and explanation regarding the extent of use of performance measures. 10 marks Discussion of performance as required in Part B a. 10 marks Explanation required in Part B b. 5 marks General Requirements: 1. Given the nature of the questions there is not specified work limit. However, you are encourage to present your work in a clear and concise manner. You should ensure that you answer the question fully while giving enough information to ensure that the marker can ascertain your objective in your calculations to enable part marks to be given if necessary. 2. Place references for all questions at the end of the assignment not at the end of each question. 3. You can use dot points or tables to help present your answer if you wish. . Assignment extensions will be granted if needed due to medical, work or personal reasons. However, extensions will not be granted for more than one week. This is because I cannot post back marked assignments and solutions until all assignments have been received. It is unfair on other students to delay the return of their marked assignments unduly. 5. You should note that the assignment is bas ed on modules 7-10. I would recommend completing the relevant question each week as it relates to each module. This approach would mean that the assignment would be completed by the due date. Therefore reasons for needing an extension should be extreme. (Sources withheld: Questions for this assignment are taken from other sources. Details of this source have been withheld for assessment purposes. This material is reproduced under the provisions of the Section 200 (1) (b) of the Copyright Amendment Act 1980. ) ACC5502 Accounting for Managers Assignment Two Description | Marks out of | Wtg(%)| Due date | Based on modules 7–10| 100| 20%| 2012| 1. Question| Criteria| MarksAvailable| Question One| Application and understanding of module 7 | 25 marks| | Application of budgeting to 1a) 19 marks1b) 3 marks1c) 3 marks| | | | | Question Two | Application and understanding of module 9| 25 marks| | Application of CVP principles to a practical situation. 2a) 10 marks2b) 15 marks| | | | | Question Three| Application and understanding of module 10| | | Use of costing principles3a) 6 marks3b) 8 marks3c) 8 marks3d) 3 marks| 25 marks| | | | Question Four| Application and understanding of module 11| | | Discussion and application of performance measurementPart A 10 marksPart B a) 10 marksPart B b) 5 marks| 25 marks| Total| | 100 marks| | |

Development Of Mughlai Cuisine Of India Architecture Essay

To analyze the impact of events on the development of Mughlai culinary art of North India and the farther Scopess to advance nutrient touristry finish. The purpose of this chapter is to supply its readers with an overview into the subject of the research. The first subdivision of this chapter would cover with the debut to the Mughal History, Imperial culinary art and Sultan ‘s etiquette. The 2nd subdivision would cover with Tourism and its societal and cultural impact on a society. The concluding subdivision would cover with the relation between Food Tourism, civilization and foodways.2.1.1 Mughal EmpireArab plunderers had established their hegemony in Sindh in western India by about AD713, but the Muslim presence merely made itself felt with the foray s of Mohammed of Ghazni from approximately AD 1000.About AD 1206 the first grand Turks, those of the slave dynasty, set up regulation in Delhi. Eleven of them in sequences gave topographic point to two from the house of Balban, six Khaljis, three Tughlaks ( including Muhammad bin Tughlak from AD 1324-51 ) , four Saiyyids and three Lodis, stretching in all for somewhat more than three hundred old ages ( Life and status of people in Hindustan,1935 ) .In 1526 the swayer Babar established the Mughal dynasty in India. He followed by Humayun, Akbar, Jahangir, Shah Jhan and Aurangzeb. The Mughal period was unusually good documented. Both the emperors Babar and Jahangir were brilliant diary keepers and Akbar ‘s matter were circumstantially chronicled in the Ain-i-Akbari [ 1 ] and Akbar-Name by his tribunal historian Abu Fazal. From the clip of Jahangir and thenceforth, a series of travellers from Europe left graphic impressionistic histories of the swayers and the people of India. To the slightly ascetic Hindu dining atmosphere the Muslims brought refined and courtly etiquette of both group of both group and single dining, and of sharing nutrient in family. Food points native to India were enriched with nuts, raisins, spices and ghee. These included meat and rice dishes ( Palao [ 2 ] ) , dressed meat ( Kabab [ 3 ] ) , stuffed points ( Samosas [ 4 ] ) , sweets ( Halva [ 5 ] , stewed fruit ) and sweetened drinks ( Falooda [ 6 ] , Sherbet [ 7 ] ) . New dishes enriched the culinary art of the wheat finely grounded meat ( Halim [ 8 ] , Harisa [ 9 ] ) , or the frozen Kulfi [ 10 ] , a rich ice pick of Khoa [ 11 ] , or Jalebi [ 12 ] . Muslims influenced both the manner and substance of Indian nutrient.2.1.2 The Sultan ‘s etiquetteMubarak Ali in his book ‘Mughal Darbar ‘ ( 1993 ) has written a great trade to about the dining imposts of the Delhi Sultans, which were possibly alone to Muslims royalty in India. A certain rite of formality was observed: Before the dinners begins, the Chamberlain [ 13 ] bases at the caput of the dinners rug ( Simat [ 14 ] ) and performs the bow ( Khidmat [ 15 ] ) in the way of grand Turk ; and all present do the same. The khidmat in India consists of bowing down to the articulatio genus as in supplications. After this the people would sit down to eat, and so they are bought gold, Ag and glass cups filled with all right sugar H2O perfumed with rose-water which they call sherbert. After they have taken the sherbert, the Chamberlain calls out Bismillah [ 16 ] . Then all begin to eat. At the terminal of the dinner, jugs of barley-drink ( Fuqqa [ 17 ] ) are brought ; and when these have been consumed, betel foliages and nuts are served. After the people have taken the betel and nuts, the Chamberlain calls out Bismillah, whereupon all stand up and bow in the same manner as earlier. Then they retire. Two types of dinners were held in the royal castle, A private dinners is the 1 that sultan attends. It is his manner to eat along with those who are present and those whom he calls for the intent, such as the particular amir's [ 18 ] – the caput Chamberlain ( amirhajib ) , the grand Turks paternal cousins, Imad-ul-mulk Sartez and maestro ofA ceremonials ( amir-i-majlis ) – and those out of the a'izza ( ‘The Honourables ‘ ) A and great emir ‘s whom he wants to honor and idolize. Occasionally, when he is declined to honor any one from among present, he takes a home base, puts staff of life on it and gives it to him. The latter receives it: and puting the home base on his left manus, he bows with his right manus touching the land. Sometimes the Sultan sends something from that repast to one absent from it, and the latter excessively bows like the one nowadays and sits down to eat it along with those that be in his company. The figure Lords go toing these private dinners ne'er exceeded 20. It has been remarked that such long jovialities in the company of Lords served to throw them into Sultans Company, and therefore maintain them out of problem. The public dinners are brought from the kitchen led by the castle officers, who call out Bismillah ; and they are headed by the main castle officer. He holds in his manus a gold Mace and is accompanied by his deputy who carries a Ag Mace. Equally shortly as they enter the 4th gate and those in the council-hall hear the call, all stand up and none remain seated, the grand Turk entirely is excepted. When the dishes are served on the floor, the castle of officers stand up in rows, their heads standing in forepart. He makes a discourse in which he praises the grand Turk and eulogizes him ; so he bows to him and in the same mode bow all those present in the council-hall whether large or little. Their usage is that anyone who hears the call of main castle officer ( naqib-un-nuquba [ 19 ] ) stops immediately, if walking and remains in his topographic point if he happens to be standing and none can travel until the discourse is over. Then his deputy excessively makes a similar discourse and bows ; and so make the castle officers and all the people in the 2nd clip. Then all the people take their seats ; and the gate secretaries draft a study informing the Sultan that the nutrient has been brought, even though he is cognizant of that. The study is handed over to a male child from one of the malik ‘s boy appointed for this intent and he takes the message to the Sultan who, on reading it, appoints whosoever he likes from among the great emir ‘s to oversee the seating and eating of the people. Mubarak Ali in his book ‘Mughal Darbar † ( 1993 ) has stated some about the seating besides: The usage at that point of clip was that the Judgess ( Qazis [ 20 ] ) , speechmakers ( Khatibs [ 21 ] ) and legal experts ( Shorfa [ 22 ] ) sit on a rug ( simat ) : and so come the grand Turk relatives, the great emir ‘s and the remainder of the people. But none sits expect at his appointive topographic point ; and therefore there is perfectly no confusion amongst them. All holding so their representative seats, the cup bearerA ( Shurbdariya [ 23 ] ) who give the keeping in their custodies gold, Ag, Cu and glass vass filled with refined sugar dissolved in H2O, which they drink at dinner. Everyone had before him, a set of all the assorted dishes consisting the dinner, which he eats entirely ; and no one portions his home base with another. When they finish eating, the drink ( Fuqqa ) is served in pewter tankards ; and every bit shortly as the people take it the Chamberlains call out Bismillah. At that clip the piece garnering stands up, and the emir ‘s oversing the banquet bows, and they bow excessively ; so they retire.The dinners were held twice a twenty-four hours – 1 in the morning and the other in the afternoon.2.1.3 Kings drink‘Any Muslim who drinks ( vino ) is punished with 80 chevrons, and is shut up in a matamore ( cell ) for 3 months, which is opened merely at the clip of repast ‘ . So says the Quran ( Chapter 6 ) . However there is no uncertainty that imbibing was really common among the grand Turks and the aristocracy. For the Mughals vino had a strong attractive force. Babar had periodic fitsA A of abstention, when he would interrupt up his flagons and goblets of gold and Ag and give away the pieces, merely to restart imbibing and the usage of bhang, after stating himself ( P.N. Chopra,1963, Society and Culture in Mughal India. ) . Akbar, harmonizing to the Jesuit Father Monserate, seldom drank vino, proffering bhang. He enforced prohibition in his tribunal, but relaxed regulations for European travellers because ‘they are born in the component of vino, as fresh fish are produced in H2O†¦ and to forbid them the usage of it is to strip them of their life ‘ ( J.S.Hoyland and, and S.banerjeeA 1922, The Cemetery of Father Monserrate ) . Of his boies, Daniyal and Murad both died immature due to inordinate imbibing. His other boy Jahangir was much addicted, but did non imbibe on Thursdays and Fridays ( Nicclao Manucci, Storio de Mogor 1653-1708, trans William Irvine ) . However at terminal of his government Jahangir would absorb 20 cups of dual distilled spirits daily, 14 during the twenty-four hours and the remainder at dark ( P.N. Chopra,1963, Society and Culture in Mughal India. ) . Shah Jahan drank but ne'er beyond the bounds of decency. The following emperor Aurangzeb was of class rigorous teetotaller who in 1668 issued terrible prohibition order to all his topics, Hindus and Muslim likewise. To do this spirits, arak or rice sprit was put into empty barrel that had contained vino from Europe. The settlings of other barrels were besides added, together with H2O and Sweet sugar. After eight saddle horses, the clear liquid savoring something like white vino. Another vino was made by immersing rosins in rice sprit for 3 to 4 yearss, striving and so keeping the liquid in an empty barrel for 6 to 8 months ; an infusion of day of the months was sometimes added for sugariness and spirit ( William Foster, Early Travels in India 1583-1619 ) .A A A A A A A A2.1.4 The Imperial culinary artBabar is said to hold lived in India for merely 4 A? old ages after suppressing. He lamented fact that this state had ‘no grapes ‘ , musk melons or first rate fruits, no ice cold H2O, no staff of life or cooked nutrient in bazars ( A.S.Beveridge, trans. Babur-nama, 1922 ) . He commented most judiciously on the vegetations and zoologies that he foremost encountered in this new state. He c ommented that chironji [ 24 ] is â€Å" a thing between the Prunus dulcis and the walnut, and non so bad † .He besides described the fish from Hindustan as really savory and that they had no smell or tediousness ( intending likely deficiency of castanetss ) . But bosom Babar remained an foreigner to Indian nutrient. His boy Humayun nevertheless was much more â€Å" Indianized † . Humayun even gave up carnal flesh for some months when he started his run to retrieve the throne, and make up one's minding after some contemplation, that beef was non a nutrient for devout ( J.S.Hoyland and, and S.banerjeeA , The Cemetery of Father Monserrate, , 1922 ) . . Akbar did non like meat and took it merely seasonally ‘to conform to the sprit of the age ‘ ( P.N. Chopra, Society and Culture in Mughal India,1963 ) . He abstained from meat at first of all Fridays, later on Sundays besides, so on first twenty-four hours of every solar month, so during the whole month of Fawardin [ 25 ] ( March ) , and eventually during his berth month of Aban [ 26 ] ( November ) . He started his repast with curds and rice, and preferable simple nutrient. One of travellers Father Monserate documented that Akbar ‘s tabular array was really deluxe, dwelling of more than 40 classs served in great dishes served in great dishes. These dishes were brought into the royal dining hall covered and wrapped in linen fabrics, which are tied and sealed, for the fright of toxicant ( J.S.Hoyland and, and S.banerjee, The Cemetery of Father Monserrate,1922 ) . The Ain-i-Akbari describes three categories cooked dishes. In the first, called safiyana, consumed by Akbar ‘s twenty-four hours of abstention, no meat was used. The dishes were made of rice ( zard-birinj [ 27 ] , khushka [ 28 ] , khichri [ 29 ] and sheer-birinj [ 30 ] ) , wheat ( chikhi [ 31 ] , basically the amylum of the rice isolated by rinsing and so seasoned ) , pigeon peas [ 32 ] , palak droop [ 33 ] , halwa, sherbert etc. The 2nd category comprised those in which both meat and rice were employed ( like Palao, Biryani [ 34 ] , Shulla [ 35 ] and Shurba [ 36 ] ) , or meat and wheat ( Harisa, Halim and Kashk [ 37 ] ) A .The 3rd category was that in which meat was cooked in ghee, spices, curd, eggs etc. These dishes in due class of clip came to be known as Yakhni [ 38 ] , Kabab, Do-Pyazza [ 39 ] , Musallam [ 40 ] , Dampukth [ 41 ] , Qaliya [ 42 ] and Malghuba [ 43 ] . Bread in this clip was either thick, made from wheat flour and baked in an oven ; or thin, and bake on Fe ho me bases utilizing dough of either wheat or khushka. Natural stuff came from assorted topographic points ; A rice from Bharaijj, Gwalior, Rajori and Nimlah, ghee [ 44 ] from Hissar, ducks, water bird and certain veggies from Kashmir, and fruits from across the north western boundary lines every bit good as from all over the state. Though Jahangir, unlike his male parent, enjoyed eating meat, and particularly the animate beings of the pursuit, he kept his male parent agenda of abstention, adding Thursday to them, that being the twenty-four hours of birth of his boy Akbar. He banned the slaughter of animate beings on Thursday and Sundays. He seemed to hold left fish wholly and preferred a khichri called lazizan, made of rice cooked with pulsations, ghee, spices and nuts on the yearss of abstention from flesh. Another of his favourites was Falooda, jelly made from the straining of poached wheat, assorted with fruit juices and pick ( P.N. Chopra, Society and Culture in Mughal India, 1963 ) . Aurangzeb boy of Jahangir on the other manus was a Spartan. Tavernier says that no animate being passed his lips: he go ‘thin and thin ‘ to which the great fasts that he kept hold contributed†¦ he merely drank a small H2O, and ate small measure of millet staff of life.Besides that he slept on the land with merely a tiger ‘s tegument over him ( P.N. Chopra, Society and Culture in Mughal India, 1963 ) .2.2. TourismTourism today is one the fastest turning sectors in the planetary economic system. It is besides one ofthe largest sectors in the universe economic system doing of all time increasing parts to planetary end product and employment.In 2008, international tourer reachings grew by 2 % to 924 million, up 16 million over 2007. Analysts further predict that the tourer reachings will touch 1.6 billion by the twelvemonth 2020. Tourism is one of the largest income generators for an economic system and is turning at a really rapid gait. Growth in touristry besides translates into indirect growing and impact on assorted other sectors of the economyA ( Farooquee, N.A. et Al ( 2008 ) ‘ Environmental and Socio-Cultural Impacts of River Rafting and Camping on Ganga in Uttarakhand Himalaya ‘ ) .2.2.1 IntroductionService industry has gained utmost potency in the past two decennaries and is now one of the chief industries for societal and economic growing of any part. This growing has bought along with itself an addition in the planetary end product and assorted employment chances. One of the of import constituents of the service sector is touristry sector. The World Tourism Organization defines touristry as â€Å" The activities of individuals going to and remaining in topographic points outside their usual environment for non more than one back-to-back twelvemonth for leisure, concern and other intent † ( Commission of the European Communities et al. , 2001 ) . Tourism incorporates both touchable and intangible elements of service sector. Tourism has evolved over clip ( six decennaries about ) and has been go oning turning and diversifying in order to go the fastest and the largest turning economic sectors in the universe. Tourism has been booming at an exponential rate thereby advancing and researching new finishs and in some instances going the chief driver of the economic system. In some the underdeveloped states it is one of the chief income bring forthing sector and besides the figure one in export class at that place by bring forthing employment on a larger graduated table. The travel and touristry industry is undergoing a transmutation as the significance of this industry is unveiled by most states.2.2.2 HISTORY OF VOYAGES AND TRAVELLERS:Tourism has been apparent throughout the ages. It has merely taken a major leap in the past few decennaries and has become a major portion of the economic system. Ancient age travel was largely an unconscious matter. Travel was chiefly an result of trade and other commercialism activities. In other words, earlier traveller can be regarded as a merchandiser looking for goods and merchandises and prosecuting in trade and commercialism. States like India and China have attracted travellers from all over the ancient universe. This tendency continued ensuing in geographic expedition of different finishs by the Europeans particularly heading towards Indian shores for the exclusive intent of trade and commercialism. The impulse to research new lands and to seek new cognition in antediluvian and distant lands was yet another motivation of travelers in subsequent periods. Traveling that took topographic point during the Middle Ages was largely for spiritual intents. The pattern for going for spiritual intents became a good established usage in many parts of the universe. Romans were known for going during this epoch and wherever they went, there existed a all right web of roads. Tourism gained impulse every bit shortly as alterations like the mental attitudes towards pleasance, instruction based travel ; addition in disposal income, need for a interruption from the humdrum work agenda etc took topographic point. For about the first one-fourth of the twentieth century pleasance travel was merely for the privileged 1s of the society holding free clip in manus every bit good as significant buying power. Numerous travel associations were formed during this clip of the century who organized trips and holidaies for in-between category and their households. However, it was the twentieth century where a alteration was witnessed in the whole touristry scenario particularly from an international position for different intents like wellness, concern, diversion or spiritual intents which led authoritiess to publish passports and visas and take enterprises to their citizens abroad. Increase in touristry has been good for the full universe linking all the finishs to one a nother. However, there have been jobs associated with developing states where the authorities capacity is limited and tourist Numberss are increasing. These states rely extremely on touristry and are badly affected when touristry is discouraged on the evidences of condemnable activities and safety and security issues. â€Å" These issues and many more like the environmental issues have grown as international touristry reachings have soared to over 800 million yearly. By 2020 that figure is expected to be over 1.6 billion † ( World Trade Organization, 1997 ) . Despite these factors, touristry development opens doors to assorted employment chances for the underdeveloped states.2.2.3 IMPACTS OF TOURISMTourism is amongst the fastest and most diverse sectors of the economic system. It has been a focal point of many authoritiess, particularly for developing economic systems, to seek and develop touristry as one of the most attractive sectors of the domestic economic system. Tourism constant ly impacts every part, civilization, people, state etc that it touches. These impacts are an challenging mix of the good and the bad for the part. Governments have to do a trade off between the advantages offered by touristry and the negative impacts brought in by it. Ming dynasties and Chulikpongse ( 1994 ) have noted touristry ‘s function as an agent of alteration, conveying countless impacts on regional economic conditions, societal establishments and environmental quality.A The impacts of touristry can be categorized into the undermentioned parts i.e. Economic Impacts, Socio-Cultural Impacts and Environmental Impacts.2.2.3. Economic Impact:In most instances, economic benefits lead to the focussed growing of touristry as a sector in any state. Today, touristry is one of the universe ‘s first beginnings of export net incomes, if planetary touristry income and international transit grosss are included.Harmonizing to Keiko Noji ( 2001 ) , Governments focal point on touri stry development as it presents the easy path to roll uping and increasing the foreign militias, making occupations and lending to over all economic growing. Private sector, which brings commercial addition to the state, is a taking force in the touristry industry. In many instances, foreign capital dominates the domestic and international market and touristry outgo goes outside of the state. There are possible positive and negative impacts of such touristry development.2.2.3.1 Fiscal:Tourism helps the host community earn assorted monetary additions in the signifier growing in the foreign exchange militias, Gross Domestic Product, growing in regional commercial endeavors and for persons every bit good. For e.g. the part of Travel & A ; Tourism to Gross Domestic Product ( GDP ) ofIndiahas been forecasted to stay changeless at 6.1 % in 2008 to 6.1 % in 2018. Besides, Export net incomes from international travellers and touristry goods contributed 6.7 % of entire exports in 2008, and it is anticipated that this will lift to 4.4 % of sum in 2018 ( Beginning: World Travel & A ; Tourism Council 2008 ) .A A2.2.3.2 Employment Opportunity:Tourism development in a part leads to the more employment chances and higher pay rates for work forces and adult females and entree to better developing for employees. Lee ( 1996 ) studied the economic effects of touristry in New Zealand and concluded that touristry performed better than most industries in bring forthing employment and revenue enhancement grosss and performed reasonably good in administering income among household income categories. Cukier-Snow and Wall ( 1994 ) besides examined touristry employment growing in Bali, reasoning an addition in the employment of adult females. The part of the Travel & A ; Tourism Economy to employment â€Å"in Indiais expected to lift from 30,491,000 occupations in 2008, 6.4 % of entire employment, or 1 in every 15.6 occupations to 39,615,000 occupations, 7.2 % of entire employment or 1 in every 13.8 occupations by 2018 † ( Source: World Travel & A ; Tourism Council 2008 ) . The assets associated with touristry overpower the negatives it brings with it. However, negative impacts associated with touristry can non be ignored. The employment is frequently parttime and low paid. The skilled places are occupied by foreign subjects and hence there is disparity in the income distribution form frequently associated with leakages.A2.2.3.3 Servicess:Tourism creates growing chances in a part. It leads to the creative activity of new installations, public-service corporations and diversion installations that would non hold been possible or financially feasible to supply in the community. Tourist outlooks can take to better service by local stores, eating houses, and other concern operators and enterprisers. The tourer traffic in a community leads to break installations such as fire section, constabulary, and wellness services which besides benefits the local occupants. However, long-established and conventional services may be forced out or relocated due to competit ion with tourer involvements. Water, power, fuel, and other deficits may be experienced because of increased force per unit area on the substructure.2.2.3.4 Others:Other economic impacts of touristry includes enlargement of the economic base ( i.e. , variegation ) , Inter-sectoral linkage and Multiplier effects, growing of entrepreneurshipA as merchandises and services can be locally produced by touristry related and other concern, creative activity and growing of substructure installations, improvement of societal services and encouragement of regional development in developing countries. The most profound impact that touristry has on the host economic system is through the development and growing of substructure in the domestic state.2.2.4 SOCIO CULTURAL IMPACTS:Tourism can be act as either an international peace shaper and can assist in understanding or it can be a destructive force assailing different civilizations, ecology, and local communities ( Mirbabayev. B, Shagazatova. M ) . Therefore, development of a tourer finishs and its associated comfortss and benefits require a elaborate program in order to accomplish victory over the negativeness associated with it, particularly in developing states where conserving and developing the quality of life of local populations is disputing. The societal and cultural deductions of touristry necessitate thorough and elaborate deliberations, as effects can either interpret into long term benefits or hurts to communities. A state ‘s civilization and societal environment is highly vulnerable and therefore it needs protect ion and saving, as touristry is an gnawing force of modernisation. ( Hing. N, Dimmock. K, 1997 )2.2.4.1 Cultural Impacts:Local civilization of a part or state is the focal point for pulling tourers to the part. Though the local sculpture, music, dance, culinary art, vesture, handcrafts and traditional imposts, ceremonials and folklore are a beginning of attractive force, touristry can take to commercialisation and abuse of these really assets. This will farther take to the impairment, debasement and eventually the disappearing and the local civilization. Some of the customary activities of a part may look absurd to the tourers may take the tourers to oppose and derogative activities against the local civilization ( Xavier, 2001 ) . Cultural facets of host parts act as tourer drawing cards, but are at the same time vulnerable to socialization. Though it has a negative impact on the local traditions, assorted writers have studied that it can help in the saving procedure. Harmonizing to a survey carried out by Teye, touristry can lend to greater understanding between North and South Africa by developing cultural touristry which promotes host-guest experiences and non than superficial brushs, ( Hing. N, Dimmock. K, 1997 ) . In another instance survey on the impacts of touristry on the Khajuraho temple inIndia, it is stated that touristry can convey economic alleviation and prosperity to local community, with minimum socio-cultural costs. ( Hing. N, Dimmock. K, 1997 )2.2.5.2 Social Impacts:Social interface amid tourers and local community may ensue in common grasp, apprehension, credence, consciousness and acquisition. It gives the host community a large encouragement in assurance and regard, and reduces biass and abolishes preconceived impressions and perceptual experiences. Local communities are benefited through part by touristry to the betterment of the societal substructure for illustration development of roads, Parkss, museums, wellness attention establishments, cyberspace coffeehouse etc. Robinson ( 1999 ) , states that there is no grounds that proves that touristry is conveying different civilizations together. Tourism can increase tenseness, ill will, and intuition. Tourism has an inauspicious impact on the traditional patterns, the perceptual experience of the occupants. Unbalanced population constructions, supplanting of local people, a negative behaviour by visitants toward occupants and an inauspicious consequence on the overall community life. Assorted surveies have been carried out to find that an addition in touristry has a direct impact on the addition in offense rate of a finish, as most frequently tourers are the victims to these condemnable Acts of the Apostless ( McElroy, Tarlow & A ; Carlisle, 2007 ) . Tourism can and frequently does take to jobs such as harlotry, alcohol addiction, chancing and drug trafficking. There are few tourist finishs immune to this job ( Noji.K, 2001 ) . Hence it is highly indispensable to advance touristry in the part while guaranting that it provides both incomes every bit good as generates respect for the local tradition and civilization.2.3 Food TourismFood Tourism is all approximately nutrient as a topic and medium, finish and vehicle, for touristry. It is about persons researching nutrients new to them every bit good as utilizing nutrient to research new civilization and ways of being. It is about groups utilizing nutrient to ‘sell ‘ their histories and to build marketable and publicly attractive individualities, and it is about persons fulfilling wonder. Finally it is about sing of nutrient in a manner that is out of the ordinary, that stairss outside the normal modus operandi to detect difference and the power of nutrient to stand for a nd negociate the difference. Folklorist, nutrient bookmans and nutrient aficionados have long fascinated by occasions of explorative eating- cases of eating the new, the unfamiliar, the alien- and by the institutional cookery books and folklife festivals. These occasions and include assortment of nutrient related behaviors and reflect complex web of cultural, societal, economic and aesthetic systems every bit good as single penchants. The definition of what constitutes adventuresome feeding is a contextual 1 that depends on the position and motives of the feeder. The writer states that the intent of nutrient touristry as a model is to seek together the impression of position and assortment of cases in which a foodways is considered representative of the other. Lucy M Long ( 2007 ) defines nutrient touristry as the international as the international, explorative engagement in the foodways another-participation including the ingestion, readying and presentation of nutrient points, culinary art, repast system or eating manner considered to a culinary system that no 1 owns. This definition accent on the person as an active agent in building significance within a tourer experience and it allows for an aesthetic response to nutrient as a portion of the experience. Exploration and internationalism define these cases as touristry. Valence Smith ( 1989 ) defines a tourer as a temporarily leisured individual who voluntarily visits a topographic point off from place for the intent of sing a alteration. The culinary tourer participates for the intent of sing a alteration in foodways non simply hungriness. Nelson Graburn ( 1989 ) proposed that for the tourer to see is a journey from profane to the sacred as a manner to embroider and addA significance to 1s life. The tourer experience offers non merely new civilizations and new sights, but besides a new manner of comprehending those sights and these new manner finally heighten an person. Johan Urry ( 1990 ) developed this impression of touristry as quantitative class of experience, specifying it as a sort of sing he refers to as a â€Å" tourer regard † . This regard is different from â€Å" every twenty-four hours looking † in that it attends to difference. It notices contrast and peculiarity, it shifts the ordinary action and objects out of the ordinary universe enable Trapa bicornis and promoting viewing audiences to rcognise their power as symbols, amusement and art.2.4 Authenticity and Culinary Tourism in Mughlai Restaurants across Delhi and AgraFood touristry has long been linked with genuineness in Mughlai eating houses across Delhi and Agra. Lifestyle magazines such as Gourmet and Travel & A ; Leisure reveal the connexion between nutrient and touristry. On the other side , backpacker ushers like the Lonely PlanetA ever include subdivisions on local nutrients and where to eat while going. As these magazines demonsterate nutrient and touristry go manus in manus. But when feeding is touristry, a whole new theoretical model arises. Culinary touristry, the geographic expedition of foreign foodways as a representative of an otherA provides a model for interrogating the assorted intersections between touristry and foodways ( Long, 1998 ) . The term authensity has been widely used to analyze both foodways and touristry, it can besides be applied within the frame work of culinary touristry to hold a better understanding about societal kineticss, peculiarly the procedure of individuality building and proof, that by and large accompany the escapades in eating.A Cultural eating house are a good illustration how dinning constitutions have come under the tourer regard and how dining constitutions have become a tourer patterns. Eating where the eating house is described as a signifier of individuality work â€Å" a theatre for thought and forging a ego † ( Shelton 1990 ) . An cultural eating house is a symbolic phase upon which the geographic expedition of the alien, facilitated through the construct of genuineness becomes an look of individuality.2.4.1 Authenticity a praradoxAuthenticity has been categorized as a plastic word that â€Å" have come to intend so much that they truly intend really small while however less signaling importance and power † ( Bendix,1992 ) . â€Å" Authenticity measures the grade to hex something is more or less what is ought to be. It is therefore a norm of some kind. But is it an subjective norm, emerging somehow from the cusine itself? Or is it an experimental norm, reflecting some imposed gastronomic criterion? If it is an subjective norm, who is its aythoritative voice: The professional cook? The mean consumer? The glutton? The homemaker? If it is an imposed norm, who is its privileged voice: the cognoscente alien nutrient? The tourer? The ordinary Participants in a adjacent culinary art? The cultivated feeder from distant one? . † Arjun Appadurai ( 1986 ) Appaduraj above inquiries the lineation of the basic argument over genuineness: where it is locatedA and by what authorization is it judged? . Appadurai believes the above term should non be applied to culinary system at all, as it can non account for the in avoidable that occurs in civilization and their culinary art.2.4.2 Mughal Influence on Indian FoodThe culinary art of India is every bit huge as its people. Each and everyA group has its ain typical nutrient penchants along with their different civilization. India has witnessed several invasions from Arab, Central Asia, the Mughal Empire and Persia in its early yearss. These invasions had a great influence on Indian nutrient. The Muslims from western Asia brought the Mughlai culinary arts to India in the fifteenth century when Mughal swayers conquered a big part of India. During the Mughal dynasty, these dishes were prepared for the Mughal Emperors for elegant dining with dry fruits and nuts. The cordial reception of sharing of nutrient with others in Mughal courtly society helped India to absorb it as its ain. Mughlai culinary art is one of the most richest, popular and munificent culinary arts in the state. These are pretty spicy and have alone aroma. The cookery method includes tonss of milk and pick with alien spices, nuts and dried fruits to do it rich and spicy. Biryani, Korma and Palau are some of the celebrated Mughlai culinary art. The Mughal influence on Indian nutrient supported the development of Indian nutrient to a great extent. The Mughlai culinary art full of rich gravies and non-vegetarian nutrients such as kabobs, along with the fruits like apricots, Prunus persicas, plums and melons contoured the construction of the Indian nutrient while offering it a distinguishable dimension. Each of the Muslim swayers offered something or the other to do Indian nutrient the assortment of spice, gustatory sensation, nip and spirit. The narrative of success Mughlai nutrient is still go oning via the agencies of ethinic and some new eating houses which still serve Mughlai nutrient. It still remains as one of the most of import portion in Indian culinary manner in any eating house across India. Although, Mughlai culinary arts are available in all parts of the state, but Delhi and Agra are the best topographic point for this royal culinary art. In this present scenario, the Mughlai influence on Indian nutrient reflects the local cookery manners in it. The culinary arts available in Delhi and Agra are nevertheless are the combination Indo-Persian manner and typical North Indian spices like Cuminum cyminum, Chinese parsley, cardamon, cinnamon, turmeric and land chilies. Whereas in Hyderabad, curry foliages, hot chilies, mustard seeds, Tamarindus indica and coconut milk are added to these culinary arts to give them a local spirit.2.5 Mention2.5.1 BooksK.MA AshrafA ( 1935 ) , A Life and status of people in Hindustan,2n dA edition. New Delhi, Munshiram Manoharlal. pp 118-19 and pp 158-63M.S.Radhawa ( 1982 ) , A History of agribusiness in India, Indian council of agribusiness research, vol. 2, New DelhiP.N. Chopra ( 1963 ) , Society and Culture in Mughal India, 2nd edition, Agra. Shiv Lal Agarwala and Co. ( Pvt ) Ltd. p. 51 and 257J.S.Hoyland and, and S.Banerjee ( 1922 ) , A The Cemetery of Father Monserrate, India. Oxford University Press. p.199Nicclao Manucci, Storio de Mogor 1653-1708, trans William Irvine, John Murrary ( 1980 ) , vol.1, London. p.219Abul Fazal, The Ain-i-Akbari, trans H.Blochmann ( 1871 ) , New Delhi. Abul, Aadiesh Book Depot, repr.1965. pp. 57-78William Foster, Early Travels in India 1583-1619, New Delhi. S.chand and Co, repr 1968. pp. 60-121A.S.Beveridge ( trans. ) , Babar nama ( 1922 ) , New Delhi. Oriental Books Reprint Corporation. Pp. 645 and 687.Mubarak Ali, Mughal Darbar ( 1992 ) , Lahore, Nigarshat, .6 Sethi. V ( C1051 )

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Corporate Social responsibility - Assignment Example Nowadays unethical activities can no longer be hidden, as every activity against ethical CSR is investigated, communicated and broadcasted through internet by the media (Kakabadse, Rozuel, & Lee-Davies, 2005). However, if the other side of the coin is analyzed, it can be seen that that due to recent scandals, many reforms in business environment have been noticed. Firstly, the financial performance of the organization has improved (Galbreath, 2009). It has be analyzed by DePaul University that after the financial crisis and economic downturn, companies are engaging themselves into ethical business, which is revealing better financial performance as stated by S&P 500 Index (Silberhorn, & Warren, 2007). The operating cost has reduced due to CSR initiatives because companies are more concern about reducing their rate of emission, cutting down waste and by selling the recycled materials. To enforce ethical CSR activities and corporate governance in companies after the Enron scandal the A merican government also introduced Sarbanes-Oxley Legislation (Cromb, 2008). Answer 2 Stakeholders are the people or groups of people who have major interest in the growth and profitability of the organization. However, the interest of every stakeholder towards the organization is not the same. So based on the level of interest the stakeholders are segregated as primary and secondary stakeholder. The primary stakeholders are those who get the most affected by the positive or negative outcome or performance of the company. However, this differentiation is done for ethical decision-making. According to Figure 1, Freeman depicted a view of the primary and secondary stakeholders (Brockett, & Rezaee, 2012). Figure 1: Freeman's Structure for Primary and Secondary Stakeholders Source: (Colle, 2005) The segregation is done on the basis of fiduciary duties, legitimate interest towards the firm, invested capital and efforts. As can be seen in Figure 1, the primary stakeholders are shareholder s, suppliers, customers, employees and government. All these individuals and groups have financial and personal interest associated with the organization. They have direct contribution towards the positive or negative growth of the company, so they are the stakeholders who should be ethically receiving first priority in profits and decision-making. The secondary stakeholders are the competitors, society, local and global communities, etc (Colle, 2005). They are not indirectly related to the organization, but neither do they contribute towards the profitability of the organization nor they receive a share of the profit of the company (Ayuso, Rodriguez, Garcia, & Arino, 2007). Answer 3 The sets of rules, polices, principles and processes set by the company to monitor and control the company and its functions is known as corporate governance. The corporate governance also helps the company by providing guidelines for fulfilling the goals and objectives of the company. It is also respon sible for safeguarding the stakeholder's interest. Corporate governance assists the companies to lay down the foundation for planning our CSR activities for the company because unless and until the operational functions are ethically conducted, CSR will reap no result. However, stakeholders of the company have significant role to play in this case, as it has been discussed further in this section of the study. There are approaches around the world based on which the role of the shareholders in corporate

Essay Childhood Obesity Essay Example for Free

Essay Childhood Obesity Essay Childhood Obesity is a health issue, cause by having excess body weight as well as excess of body fat. This is a serious problem for the future of society especially now that our children are not getting enough physical activities because of technology and unhealthy eating patterns. Children who are obese are likely to be obese as adults. Therefore, this habits can take our children to have serious health problems such as heart disease, diabetes, stroke, high cholesterol, and many others health problems. The environment in which we live is been also part of this problem. Children are surrounded by unhealthy commercials and bad influence from their parents. Beverages like sodas which contains approximately 400 calories, and unhealthy choices of meals have contributed to this epidemic cause. Leading our children by giving them examples of how to prevent this kind of problems could be a solution for a better lifestyle and future. It is important that parents support their children by helping them do a diet and physical activities. If your child look at you as a good example of how to stay healthy, they are more likely to be and stay active for their own. Instead of leaving them playing video games, take them to the park and have fun. Being able to spend more time with your kids and being part of their life, can take them to be better not only mentally, but physically. Childhood obesity is been an enormous problem for our society. Furthermore, it is our responsibility to help the future generations by giving them a good example of living and love for those who needs the most. Web, www.obesityaction.org, www.healthychildren.org

Macbeths Letter Essay Example for Free

Macbeths Letter Essay I am writing to you as I know that you will keep the contents of this letter a secret. The last few days have been very strange and unreal to me. I cannot believe how much my life has changed in such a short space of time. I ask you to please destroy this letter once you have read it and not tell a soul about what it contains as I have committed a terrible crime. A couple of days ago I was a noble warrior fighting against Norway and now Im king of Scotland. With my brandishd steel I approached the leader of the Norwegians, Macdonald, and unseamd him from the nave to thchaps and fixd his head on our battlements to show everyone he was dead. Norway were defeated. After the battle, Banquo and I walked along the moors and we came across three weird sisters that looked nothing I had ever seen on this earth. They greeted me by saying All hail Macbeth, hail to thee Thane of Glamis, All hail Macbeth, hail to thee Thane of Cawdor, All hail Macbeth that shalt be king hereafter. At this greeting I was rather shocked and confused. True I was Thane of Glamis but Thane of Cawdor and king? The Thane of Cawdor lived and as was the king. I was puzzled. Were these prophecies real? Whilst I was lost in my thoughts, Banquo asked them to predict something for him as they had for me. They told him that his children shall be kings but he will not be king himself. I ordered them to stay and tell me more but they were unwilling to be ordered by me and vanished into thin air. I do not think Banquo believed his prophecies as much as I did mine. We carried on walking and talked about the witches. Then we saw two men coming towards us. They said that the king had sent them because he had heard of my success in battle. One of the men said the king bade him to call me Thane of Cawdor! I asked him why he was dressing me in borrowd robes. He explained to me that the old thane of Cawdor was a traitor and would be executed. I could not help thinking that the greatest was behind. I then thought a terrible thought. Murdering king Duncan to become king. I pushed the thought out of my head and told myself if chance will have me king, why chance may crown me without my stir. I did not have to get involved in order to become king. We made our way to the kings headquarters and king Duncan told me how grateful he was for what I had done in battle. I told him it was an honour to fight for him and I felt it was my duty to him. He then made a startling announcement. His eldest son Malcolm was named the Prince of Cumberland! I could not help feeling angry on hearing this. Malcolm stood in my way of becoming king. I felt as though I was not in control of my feelings. One minute I was loyal and the next I had these evil thoughts. They disturbed me but I could not stop them. I pleaded, stars hold your fires, let not light see my black and deep desires. I did not want anyone to see these terrible thoughts I had. Duncan said that he was to stay at my castle that night so I left at once to inform my wife of his arrival. I sent a letter on to Lady Macbeth to inform her of the meeting with the witches, their prophecies and my becoming Thane of Cawdor. I know she thinks that I cannot act on my ambitions and that I am too kind to act on the information that the witches gave to me. When I arrived I told her I told her about Duncan coming to stay. She encouraged the idea of murdering him. She told me to look like thinnocent flower but be the serpent undert. I was to look innocent but be ready to strike. I felt she was taking control of this situation. She overpowered me. I was not allowed to speak. I told her I needed to think about it but she did not listen and told me to leave all the rest to her. When Duncan arrived, Lady Macbeth greeted him as my mind was too full with other thoughts. I know she showed gratitude towards him and showed fake loyalty. I could not have been false to his face. I left the feast to be alone. I thought that if I were to murder Duncan it would be best to do it quickly. But how I hoped it would be the end of it without any consequences because I knew that with murder would come horrible consequences. I was confused as to what I should do. I was his subject. I looked up to him as king. I was his host. I should be protecting him not murdering him. I thought Duncan is no enemy of mine. He is my king. He has been a good king so far. If he was to be murdered then everyone would be horrified and there would be a wild protest. Everyone would be looking for the murderer. The only thing I had to make me murder him was my ambition and that alone is not alone. Lady Macbeth came to me and I told her we would proceed no further in this business. She called me a coward and said that if I told her to kill her child then she would do so. She had managed to change my mind. If we should fail? I asked her. She told me we would not fail and that Duncan would sleep easily after his long journey. She then said that she would convince his two guards to have some wine. They would be unaware of what is happening. Then when Duncan was dead we would smear blood on their limbs and let them bear the guilt of our great quell. At that moment I could not help admiring Lady Macbeth. I told her she should only have male children for she has great strength and courage. She told me that no one would suspect us because we would be distraught with sadness at the news of his death. My mind was made up. I told her that every bit of me was going to work at this murder. Part of me wanted to show I could do this and that I was not a coward. I was walking around the castle later that night when I came across Banquo and his son. Banquo told me he dreamt of the witches and how their prophecies had come true for me. I lied to him and told him that I did not think of them. I had to lie as I was about to kill the king. After Banquo left I saw in front of me a dagger. It looked as real as the one I had in my belt. It was pointing towards Duncans chamber. I saw blood on the dagger that was not on there before. My disturbed mind was showing me things that were not there. Suddenly a bell rang and I made my way towards Duncans chamber. When I returned to my wife from Duncans chamber I heard her say that she would have murdered him herself if he did not remind her of her father. I was anxious. I looked at my hands. It was a sorry sight. Lady Macbeth tried to get me to snap out of it. I told her that as I came out of the chamber I had heard someone saying their prayers in their room and how I could not even bring myself to utter the word amen. I felt cursed. She told me I should not think about it. I could not help thinking that it was the end of me. My wife warned me that to dwell on these things would make me mad. I felt mad at that moment. I had lost all control. I had murdered sleep. I did not think I would ever be able to sleep again. My wife told me to go and wash my hands. It was then that she noticed I still had the daggers. She ordered me to go and put them back. I told her I would not go back into that room. I was frightened. I couldnt find any ounce of bravery within me. I could not face going in there again. She was disgusted with me and told me I was acting like a child. She told me to leave it all to her. She took control once again. She returned the daggers and smeared the guards with Duncans blood. I became jumpy. I looked down at my hands again. I believed that I had so much blood on them that it could change the whole sea red if I were to put them in it. I felt a sense of disgust as I stared down at the blood. Lady Macbeth returned from the chamber and her hands too were covered in blood. She called me a coward. She seemed so certain that a little water would clear us of this deed. I was not so sure. I did not feel like myself anymore. I did not feel like the noble warrior I once was. I heard knocking and wished that it would wake Duncan up and rewind this whole tragedy. Now I am king. I will not bore you with how it all happened. I fear that people will suspect me. I think Mcduff already does. I fear that I will have to kill again to ensure that Lady Macbeth and myself are not found out. I only hope you will be able to forgive the terrible sins I have committed.

History and Features of Snooker

History and Features of Snooker Snooker: A game you will grow to love History of snooker   Ã‚   A great man named Neville Chamberlain came up with the idea of snooker in the late 19th century. He was playing a game of billiards when his opponent could not hit the shot he wanted to and Neville Chamberlain suddenly shouted out snooker. Chamberlain also made a comment about another player who missed a shot calling him a real snooker which referred to his lack of experience. From there, the exquisite, logical and composed game of snooker we have today was born. What is Snooker? Snooker is a game played by two or more players against each other. The aim is to defeat the other player by potting more balls to earn more points and subsequently win the game. Snooker involves using a white coloured ball which is known as a cue ball; this is used to strike other coloured balls with a cue stick. In snooker, there are red coloured balls which are worth 1 point and one coloured ball of each; yellow, green, brown, blue, pink and black. The coloured balls are worth different points, the red ball is worth 1 point, yellow is worth 2, green is worth 3, brown is worth 4, blue is worth 5, pink is worth 6 and the black is the worth the highest by a staggering 7 points. Quite simple to understand, no? How the game is played Each player has one turn unless they pot a ball in; then they continue until they miss a shot. The game starts off by a person opening a frame. The player does this by breaking. A break can mean two things; the first meaning of break is to start off the game at the first moment. The second meaning is when you score a break; this is when you continually start potting balls and scoring maximum breaks. The break when you start off the game is achieved by striking a cue ball to hit a red ball. If the red ball goes in, the player earns one point and does not lose his turn. If the ball does not go in, the other player is allowed to come to the table to have a go at earning some points. If the white ball goes in a pocket it is considered as a foul and the other person is awarded four points. Terms in snooker Touching ball A touching ball can only happen when the cue ball is touching a red ball. In this situation, you can hit any other coloured ball or you can hit another red ball without moving the ball the white ball is touching. If the ball moves, a foul is called and the other player is awarded four points. Then, it is up to the player who is awarded the points to choose whether they would like the player to retake the exact same shot or whether they would like to continue themselves. Some players purposefully make the white ball touch the red so the opponent has difficulty in hitting another red. Suppose you wouldnt want to be in that situation, would you? A snooker The term a snooker is when the player cannot hit the ball they intend to hit because they cannot see it. This can happen when the white ball is behind the cushion or when the white ball is behind another ball. Again, if the player misses the ball they would like to hit, it is a foul and the other person is awarded four points or more depending on which ball he intends to strike. A snooker is considered as a really high standard shot, because it can decide whether a player wins or loses the game. Worry not, this is not as daunting as it sounds. Old legends of snooker Steve Davis, a renowned legend won 28 ranking titles, just about doubling the amount Joe Davis won. He was born in 1957 and turned professional in 1978. He had made a 147-maximum break in the Lada Classic 1982. In 1980, Steve Davis won the World Championship six times in a row and was ranked World Number one for seven seasons in a row; he was invincible. Another legend worth mentioning is Alex Higgins who was born in 1949 and turned professional in 1971. He had only won the World Championship twice but that was enough for the crowd to love and cheer him on. His nickname was The Hurricane because of the speed in which pot balls. Sadly, Alex Higgins, one of snookers all-time greatest died in July 2010 after a long battle against throat cancer. His fellow companions even raised  £20,000 just so he could have a surgery to stay alive but unfortunately his time had passed. He will always be remembered as snookers greatest champion. My Favourite legend in snooker A legend I hold close to my heart has to be Alex Higgins through and through. If anyone was to ask me, who is the best player in snookers history, I will always say Alex The Hurricane Higgins. He had a real love and tangible passion for the game and he wanted to be the best and excel in every aspect. I aspire to have the same dedication and qualities of commitment that were depicted in his games. Even through the stages of fighting throat cancer, he would hold a snooker cue and would watch other children and adults playing the game he loved. This elucidates the love he had for the game. The Hurricane leaves us with great memories of his brilliance and charisma on the table and was a living embodiment of success. .

Athens VS Sparta Essays -- essays research papers

During the late Archaic Greek and Classical periods, two particular city-states were in existence with significant similarities as well as differences. These two city-states, Sparta and Athens have unique formations of government, histories, goals, as well as societies.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  After experiencing the effects of a rising population and shortage of arable land, the Spartans moved through their mountainous western frontier in hope of seeking a new spacious land to live upon. Their decision to change their home grounds put the Spartans in great danger as they found themselves entering into the fertile plain of Messenia. Fearing that they may be overthrown by power by the Messenian resistance and the helot status, the Spartans began to seek protection for their city-state and their citizens. In hope of protecting themselves, the Spartans began a new way of life by introducing a dominant military camp that would keep their community alert and aware at all times. This was the foundation of how the Spartans became a military based society.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  On the other end of the Greek city-states, the Athens chose a relatively different path as their governmental system, a democracy. Although the Athens did not prosper into a democracy over night, each step taken revealed a transition into the new governmental system they were yet to obtain. In hope of avoiding a civil war, a member of the aristocracy, Solon, was appointed as authority to posses ...

Electronics :: essays research papers

Electronics The invention of the microprocessor in 1971 was a huge milestone that eventually changed everyone's everyday lives. This invention enabled the world to own a personal computer in their home as well as their office. People were able to work more efficiently and progressively with these new electronic devices.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Electronics today provides the world with an infinite amount of information at a much faster speed than that information would ever have been available before. The American public is dependent on the usage of many electronics in their lives such as the television, audio receivers, and amplifiers to stay updated on world-wide issues. Electronics also provide a superior tool for progression in the business world today. Business people rely on electronics to communicate with each other faster and to store and quickly organize vast amounts of essential data.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Electronics are improving at a blindingly fast rate. The newest technology from five years ago is literally obsolete today. Electronics are also being used for new purposes continuously. The Internet, or World Wide Web, is a relatively new concept of being â€Å"on-line†. This new project has opened a limitless number of doors for our society. Now anyone can use the Internet to communicate with anybody else in the world a lot faster and cheaper. Cellular phones have also appeared recently in the electronic world. These devices allow a person to be reached from practically anywhere. With cellular phones a person can, from then on, be in communication with the world no matter where they go.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  For the next generation, electronics will certainly offer new yet simpler technology available to the general public. Home addresses and phone numbers will be replaced with Internet addresses. Business people will be able to have access to tools such as video conferencing and such in their homes. The workplace will ultimately become obsolete. Transportation vehicles will be dominated by electric cars as natural gas supplies decline around the globe. New procedures for creating power will be found and utilized. The current and upcoming advances in technology will create a steady rise of the progression of the everyday living experience.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  I plan to enroll in a very prestigious university after high school and major in electrical engineering. I plan to contribute my time during my studies toward new possible designs of electronics and technology. I realize that innovative minds are the backbone of the direction technology will take and,

John Steinbeck was born to middle-lower class family in the farming Ess

John Steinbeck was born to middle-lower class family in the farming community of Salinas, California. John’s Steinbeck Imagine†¦ your town is suddenly stricken with poverty. Your family business goes under because the economy of your local community can no longer support it. Herds of your closest friends continually move out of the town you grew up in due to a severe shortage of work. The basic necessities of life are so scarce that everyone around you reverts to their animalistic urges to survive. Those who you have came to trust, betray you and your family for selfish reasons. This chaos was typical every day life during the youth of one of America’s greatest writers, John Steinbeck. The environment that engulfed John Stein beck’s early life shaped his literary style to focus on the economic hardships of rural labor and man’s every day struggles with natural urges. John Steinbeck was born to middle-lower class family in the farming community of Salinas, California. John’s father, who was a businessman and politician, experienced great difficulty maintaining a successful business in their small town. John watched his father fail at many endeavors including managing a flour plant and opening a feed and grain store as well as the political corruption his father faced as County Treasurer (Shillinglaw). No matter how much financial adversity John’s family faced, his father always kept a sunny disposition and took the family on frequent trips across California. These small towns and cities John and his family would visit, later served to be the local of his future novels such as: East of Eden and The Red Pony(Fontenrose, 2). John even used his home town of Salinas to serve as the setting for the shor... ...mericans as he did in previous works. In 1960, John published The Winter of Discontent which attacked contemporary American ideals an longed for conservative ideals. This piece, which did not achieve the notoriety that Steinbeck hoped for, would be his last novel before his death in 1968(Shillinglaw). Steinbeck witnessed his home town crumble due to financial strain as a child. He felt the effects of the poor economy as his father bounced from job to job trying to make ends meet. In Steinbeck’s early adulthood he worked odd jobs with the poorest of the poor, staying in touch with the injustices these people faced everyday and witnessing how humans react in times of need. The environment that engulfed John Stein beck’s early life shaped his literary style to focus on the economic hardships of rural labor and man’s every day struggles with natural urges.

Alcohol Essay Prompt

Lowering Drinking Age The United States should lower the drinking age from twenty one to eighteen, since people are allowed to smoke, vote, and join the selective service at this age. Young teens are already smoking, which can cause more harm than drinking. Voting rights are only allowed for mature adults; if they are able to vote, they should be allowed to drink. By joining the selective service they are putting their lives at risk to defend the country. Being able to drink should be awarded for them risking their own lives just to save others. First, they can smoke cigarettes at age eighteen, and cigarettes are just as bad as drinking. Both of these things can cause problems towards someone’s health. Smoking and alcohol both can damage the liver, and cause heart diseases. If anything, they shouldn’t let people with bad health smoke or drink, rather than the factor being age. The health of someone is more important more than their age. Someone may be twenty one with a lung disease that didn’t come from smoking, but if they smoke it’s only going to get worst. On the other hand, if someone is eighteen, and they have no health problems at all, they should be able to smoke if they want to even though they may gain personal health problems. If they do, then that’s when they should stop smoking and get treatment. Basically, people with good health should be able to smoke or drink, but if they develop any type of health issues, they should see a doctor or stop immediately if it gets bad. Second, the United States will let us vote, but refuse to let us drink at our own risk. People at the age of eighteen should have the same privileges as people who are twenty-one or older, they are both adults. If the drinking age were changed to 18, colleges would be able to regulate alcohol use, so students would not become overly intoxicated, just like colleges have rules for smoking. Since most students who are eighteen drink already, they may get ecstatic if drinking was allowed and actually follow the rules. Lastly, Joining the selective service is a serious job that takes a lot of responsibility and maturity. If someone can have a serious job like that, they should be mature enough to drink alcohol. Age should not matter when it comes to drinking, some people who are twenty one years or older act like their the teenagers sometimes. They may drink just for the fun of it or abuse drinking alcohol, so why should it matter how old someone is. Adults should be able to make their own choices. Students who are sixteen years of age can decided to drop out of high school, people at age eighteen can smoke, citizens are able to join the selective service, but people can’t drink until age twenty one. What kind of sense does that make? If people that are eighteen have an option of attending college, how come they cant decide if they want to drink. A person who is twenty-one or eighteen are both considered adults. Age doesn’t make a difference. Basic Writing 4-4:50 Professor Watson 11/21/11

Victims Movement

Victimology in its most simple form is the study of the victim or victims of a particular offender (Roberson. & Wallace, 2011). I feel that the Victims’ Movement has not yet reached its full potential because just like every form of law, legislature or even government there is always ways to improve and to become stronger. Much like when we started to form our government it had so many flaws and it still today has the ability to improve. The problem is that as society changes and crime changes the laws and the system have to change with it in order for things to improve. When it comes to crimes it isn’t just the victim that is affected, everyone involved is affected including the offender and the society. Starting in the 1960’s victims of crime began to volunteer with many different programs to assist other victims, speaking on their behalf and trying to fight for rights and fighting for a voice. Because of these actions we now have programs like Law Enforcement Assistance Administration (LEAA) which is an agency that provides funds for law enforcement to establish victim-witness programs (Roberson, Wallace, 2011). The downfall in creating programs like this is the funding, having the money to pay for them. That was exactly the problem in in the 70’s and 80’s, not enough funding to keep them going. This is a problem for a lot of law enforcement and criminal programs. Not to be discouraged the movement just started to move into specialized groups such as National Coalition Against Sexual Assault, and POMC; Parents of Murdered Children. Another one that we hear about a great deal still today is MADD which is Mothers Against Drunk Drivers founded in 1980 by Candy Lightner whose daughter was killed by a drunk driver (Roberson,Wallace,2011). Having these programs can be so helpful to so many people that it is important to have the money to fund them; this can be a problem for those who need it. So what is there for us to do to ensure that they remain available? Are there ways to continue to be effective? I feel that there are ways to ensure that the Victims Movement reaches its absolute full potential and to ensure that nobody goes unnoticed that may need such programs. I feel that it is important to have contingency plans and goals to achieve success. First continue to get the word out, be the voice for the people who may not have their own anymore. With the MADD organization there goal is to â€Å"To aid the victims of crimes performed by individuals driving under the influence of alcohol or drugs, to aid the families of such victims and to increase public awareness of the problem of drinking and drugged driving (MADD. org). † With this organization they have saved nearly 300,000 lives by doing the work they do; by having MADD in all 50 states, 1,200 victims’ advocates in 48 states and 20 volunteer hotlines that help people 24/7 ( MADD. rg). These programs don’t always get money from the government, they often have to raise money, and they are often non-profit organizations, but without them victims may have no other resources. Plan for the future. Having goals to help people, to help the victims and even the families of crimes like drunk driving or sexual assault needs follow through. They need someone to sa y â€Å"OK let’s get together and make a plan, let’s get as many drunk drivers off the road as we can†. It takes a leader to get groups going, to make a difference in so many people’s lives, and it shouldn’t take a tragedy to get people to do something about it. Get as much support as you can. Being a victim doesn’t just happen, these organizations don’t just happen and the Victims Movement can’t thrive on its own. These things need support; they need support from communities, the need support from society and they need support from the government. There are times when we need laws, laws to prevent people from being able to commit the same crime unpunished and able to hurt other people. Law enforcement agencies should be involved as much as possible too within their own communities, providing assistance programs and advocates to support victims or all involved that have their lives forever changed. These are things that can help make the changes we need, the changes we need to continue righting the wrongs and to forever make a difference in the lives of so many people.